[Academia-Industry Alliance: Recent Trend].

Industry-academia Collaboration is an academic activity within academia(educational institutions such as universities, research institutes, etc.)formed to research and develop new technologies, create new businesses and knowledge, and recruit outsourcing human resources. There is a collaboration between an industry(a private company, a group that engages in broad commercial activities and links research and development directly to economic activity)and academia.

Novel Virus Air Sampler Based on Electrostatic Precipitation and Air Sampling of SARS-CoV-2.

The assessment of airborne viruses in air is a critical step in the design of appropriate prevention and control measures. Hence, herein, we developed a novel wet-type electrostatic air sampler using a viral dissolution buffer containing a radical scavenging agent, and verified the concentration of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA in the air of hospital rooms inhabiting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and public areas. RNA damage caused by corona discharge was negligible when Buffer AVL was used as the collecting electrode.

Incidence of Chronic Subdural Hematoma after Mild Head Trauma in Elderly Patients with or without Pre-traumatic Conditioning of Anti-thrombotic Drugs.

Anti-thrombotic drugs may increase the risk for chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH). However, whether to continue or discontinue/counteract these drugs has not been investigated in patients with mild head trauma. CSDH incidence after mild head trauma, as well as the risk for CSDH in patients with anti-thrombotic drugs, were investigated in this study.

Piezoelectric Actuator-Driven Pulsed Water Jet for Neurosurgery: Laboratory Evaluation with the Swine Model and Implications of Mechanical Properties.

Background:  Pulsed water jet is an emerging surgical instrumentation intended to achieve both maximal lesion resection and functional maintenance through preservation of fine vessels and minimal damage to the surrounding tissue. The piezoelectric actuator-driven pulsed water jet (ADPJ) is a new technology that can deliver a precisely controlled uniform and efficient pulsed water jet with minimum water flow. The present study evaluated the ADPJ system in preclinical animal studies in the swine brain, and investigated breaking strength, one of the parameters for mechanical properties, to elucidate the mechanism of tissue selectivity for tissue dissection by the water jet.

Totally Organic Hydrogel-Based Self-Closing Cuff Electrode for Vagus Nerve Stimulation.

An intrinsically soft organic electrode consisting of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-modified polyurethane (PEDOT-PU) is embedded into a bilayer film of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels for developing a self-closing cuff electrode for neuromodulation. The curled form of the PVA hydrogel is prepared by releasing internal stress in the bilayer structure. The inner diameter of the cuff electrode is set to less than 2 mm for immobilization to the vagus nerve (VN) of humans and pigs.

Effectiveness of an actuator-driven pulsed water jet for removal of softened carious dentin.

The aim of this study was to assess the utility of an actuator-driven pulsed water jet (ADPJ) as a hardness-dependent carious dentin removal device by using different outputs. Thirty-six plane surface dental caries samples were treated with the ADPJ at 150, 200, and 250 voltage (12 teeth each). The Knoop hardness number (KHN) and Ca/P mass ratio were measured at 70 μm from the deepest point of the removing groove.

Methodological assessment of the reduction of dissemination risk and quantification of debris dispersion during dissection with a surgical aspirator.

Objective: We developed an actuator-driven pulsed water jet (ADPJ) device to achieve maximal lesion dissection with minimal risk of normal structural damage. Despite the unique dissection characteristics, there is a risk of dissemination of tissue dispersion; however, there is no established method to quantify the dispersion. Hence, this study aimed to assess the factors associated with dispersion and propose a simple experimental method using spectrophotometry to evaluate the degree of dispersion in a wet field.

[Monitoring and Neurocritical Care of Severe Traumatic Brain Injury].

The main objectives of critical care of severe traumatic brain injury(TBI)are the prevention and treatment of intracranial hypertension and secondary brain insults, preservation of cerebral perfusion pressure, and optimization of cerebral oxygenation. The critical care management of severe TBI will be discussed with a focus on the monitoring and avoidance or minimization of secondary brain insults, with emphasis on understanding the underlying physiology and pathophysiology. The evolution of critical care of severe traumatic brain injury will also be discussed along with the accumulating knowledge and experience.

Effect of endoscope flexibility on tissue dissection profile assessed with pulsed water jet device: ensuring safety, efficacy, and handling of thin devices for neuroendoscopic surgery.

Objective: We developed an actuator-driven pulsed water jet device (ADPJ) for flexible neuroendoscopy to achieve effective tissue dissection with vasculature preservation. Although flexibility is a strong advantage for minimally invasiveness, the effect of the ductile curvature on the dissection profiles remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to clarify the impact of the curvature change of the ADPJ connecting tube on the dissection safety and efficacy.

Totally transparent hydrogel-based subdural electrode with patterned salt bridge.

A totally transparent subdural electrode was developed by embedding a conductive poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-filled microchannel made of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) into an another PVA hydrogel substrate. Tight bonding between the PVA substrate and the PDMS microchannel (salt bridge) was achieved by mechanical interlocking utilizing the microprotrusions formed on the microchannel. This simple method of bonding without the use of any additives such as silane molecules or nanofibers is very suitable for constructing biomedical devices.

The effectiveness of an actuator-driven pulsed water jet for the removal of artificial dental calculus: a preliminary study.

Background: While hand and ultrasonic scalers are the primary tools used for the removal of dental calculus in periodontal treatment, many studies have shown that they also damage the enamel surface. We have developed a novel actuator-driven pulsed water jet (ADPJ) system, which has the ability to selectively remove materials depending on their stiffness. Considering the different material properties between teeth and dental calculus, it might be possible to develop the ADPJ to remove dental calculus without damage to the tooth's enamel surface using a suitable jet pressure.

Intelligent image-activated cell sorting 2.0.

The advent of intelligent image-activated cell sorting (iIACS) has enabled high-throughput intelligent image-based sorting of single live cells from heterogeneous populations. iIACS is an on-chip microfluidic technology that builds on a seamless integration of a high-throughput fluorescence microscope, cell focuser, cell sorter, and deep neural network on a hybrid software-hardware data management architecture, thereby providing the combined merits of optical microscopy, fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), and deep learning. Here we report an iIACS machine that far surpasses the state-of-the-art iIACS machine in system performance in order to expand the range of applications and discoveries enabled by the technology.

Questionnaire survey on the prescription of renal replacement therapy for acute phase patients on maintenance dialysis who developed cerebrovascular disease.

Background: There is limited information about acute phase renal replacement therapy (RRT) for maintenance hemodialysis patients after the onset of cerebrovascular disease. This study aimed to investigate which modality of renal replacement therapy is currently selected in practice.

Methods: We conducted a mail-based survey in 317 dialysis facilities that were certified by three academic societies that focus on dialysis, neurology, and neurosurgery in Japan.

Author Correction: A practical guide to intelligent image-activated cell sorting.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Unilateral chronic subdural hematoma due to spontaneous intracranial hypotension: a report of four cases.

Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is a common neurosurgical disease. A subset of patients with CSDH may exhibit underlying spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH). Bilateral CSDH has a causal relationship with SIH, but there is no known causal relationship between unilateral CSDH and SIH.

Hydrogel-Based Organic Subdural Electrode with High Conformability to Brain Surface.

A totally soft organic subdural electrode has been developed by embedding an array of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-modified carbon fabric (PEDOT-CF) into the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel substrate. The mesh structure of the stretchable PEDOT-CF allowed stable structural integration with the PVA substrate. The electrode performance for monitoring electrocorticography (ECoG) was evaluated in saline solution, on ex vivo brains, and in vivo animal experiments using rats and porcines.

A practical guide to intelligent image-activated cell sorting.

Intelligent image-activated cell sorting (iIACS) is a machine-intelligence technology that performs real-time intelligent image-based sorting of single cells with high throughput. iIACS extends beyond the capabilities of fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) from fluorescence intensity profiles of cells to multidimensional images, thereby enabling high-content sorting of cells or cell clusters with unique spatial chemical and morphological traits. Therefore, iIACS serves as an integral part of holistic single-cell analysis by enabling direct links between population-level analysis (flow cytometry), cell-level analysis (microscopy), and gene-level analysis (sequencing).

Reducing Surgeon's Physical Stress in Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery.

Background And Study Aims:  Various minimally invasive approaches are used in neurosurgery. Surgeons must perform nondynamic fine movements in a narrow corridor, so specially designed surgical devices are essential. Unsophisticated instruments may pose potential hazards.

Effects of a Novel Piezo Actuator-driven Pulsed Water Jet System on Residual Kidney After Partial Nephrectomy in a Rat Model.

Objective: To evaluate renal damage after off-clamp partial nephrectomy (PN) using a novel surgical device, piezo actuator-driven pulsed water jet (ADPJ) system.

Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups and subjected to sham operation, off-clamp PN by the piezo ADPJ system, radio knife, and soft coagulation, which have been used as thermal coagulation devices. Urine and blood samples were collected, and residual kidneys were harvested at 1, 7, 14, 30, and 90 days after PN.

Intelligent Image-Activated Cell Sorting.

A fundamental challenge of biology is to understand the vast heterogeneity of cells, particularly how cellular composition, structure, and morphology are linked to cellular physiology. Unfortunately, conventional technologies are limited in uncovering these relations. We present a machine-intelligence technology based on a radically different architecture that realizes real-time image-based intelligent cell sorting at an unprecedented rate.

Traumatic midline subarachnoid hemorrhage on initial computed tomography as a marker of severe diffuse axonal injury.

OBJECTIVEThe objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that midline (interhemispheric or perimesencephalic) traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (tSAH) on initial CT may implicate the same shearing mechanism that underlies severe diffuse axonal injury (DAI).METHODSThe authors enrolled 270 consecutive patients (mean age [± SD] 43 ± 23.3 years) with a history of head trauma who had undergone initial CT within 24 hours and brain MRI within 30 days.

Water Veil Effect to Control Splashing from the Pulsed Water Jet Device: Minimizing the Potential Risk of Dissemination Using Surgical Aspirators.

Objective:  Maximum resection with minimum damage to normal structures is required for a better clinical outcome. Several efficient surgical devices such as the Cavitron ultrasonic surgical aspirator are available. Our group developed the actuator-driven pulsed water jet (ADPJ) to dissect soft tissue with vessel preservation.