An optimal method of hydrogel spacer insertion for stereotactic body radiation therapy of prostate cancer.

Purpose: This study aimed to explore an ideal method for hydrogel spacer insertion by analyzing the efficacy and safety of our originally developed apex expansion method.

Materials And Methods: Overall, 100 patients with low- and intermediate-risk localized prostate cancer treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy were included. A hydrogel spacer was inserted in 64 and 36 patients using the conventional and apex expansion methods, respectively.

Distribution analysis of hydrogel spacer and evaluation of rectal dose reduction in Japanese prostate cancer patients undergoing stereotactic body radiation therapy.

Background: To report on our primary experience with the placement of a hydrogel spacer following stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) in low- and intermediate-risk prostate cancer patients and assess its impact on dosimetry as well as acute toxicity.

Methods: A total of 70 patients treated with SBRT (total dose of 36.25 Gy) in 5 fractions were included.

Efficacy evaluation of 2D, 3D U-Net semantic segmentation and atlas-based segmentation of normal lungs excluding the trachea and main bronchi.

This study aimed to examine the efficacy of semantic segmentation implemented by deep learning and to confirm whether this method is more effective than a commercially dominant auto-segmentation tool with regards to delineating normal lung excluding the trachea and main bronchi. A total of 232 non-small-cell lung cancer cases were examined. The computed tomography (CT) images of these cases were converted from Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) Radiation Therapy (RT) formats to arrays of 32 × 128 × 128 voxels and input into both 2D and 3D U-Net, which are deep learning networks for semantic segmentation.

Ra-223 SPECT for semi-quantitative analysis in comparison with Tc-99m HMDP SPECT: phantom study and initial clinical experience.

Background: Image-based measurement of absorbed dose of Ra-223 dichloride may be useful in predicting therapeutic outcome in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). In general, SPECT has been found to be more accurate than planar imaging in terms of lesion-based analysis. The aims of this study were to assess the feasibility and clinical usefulness of Ra-223 SPECT.

Long-term Clinical Results of Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy for Patients with Cervical Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Background/aim: We assessed the efficacy and toxicity of concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the cervical esophagus.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 37 patients treated with definitive CCRT. The patients received radiotherapy at a fraction dose of 2 Gy (total; 60 or 70 Gy) and concurrent chemotherapy.

Three-dimensional conformal arc radiotherapy using a C-arm linear accelerator with a computed tomography on-rail system for prostate cancer: clinical outcomes.

Background: We report the feasibility and treatment outcomes of image-guided three-dimensional conformal arc radiotherapy (3D-CART) using a C-arm linear accelerator with a computed tomography (CT) on-rail system for localized prostate cancer.

Methods And Materials: Between 2006 and 2011, 282 consecutive patients with localized prostate cancer were treated with in-room CT-guided 3D-CART. Biochemical failure was defined as a rise of at least 2.

Comparison of the repair of potentially lethal damage after low- and high-LET radiation exposure, assessed from the kinetics and fidelity of chromosome rejoining in normal human fibroblasts.

Potentially lethal damage (PLD) and its repair (PLDR) were studied in confluent human fibroblasts by analyzing the kinetics of chromosome break rejoining after X-ray or heavy-ion exposures. Cells were either held in the non-cycling G0 phase of the cell cycle for 12 h, or forced to proliferate immediately after irradiation. Fusion premature chromosome condensation (PCC) was combined with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to study chromosomal aberrations in interphase.