Incidence of Hepatotoxicity and Factors Associated During Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in People Living with HIV in Ethiopia: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Introduction: Hepatotoxicity is one of the risk factors associated with treatment non-adherence, which is the main risk factor for drug resistance. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the incidence and risk factors of hepatotoxicity during highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) among people living with HIV in Ethiopia.

Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted between April 2007 and January 2011 at Saint Peter Specialized Hospital, Akaki and Kality Health Centers, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Gene expression profiles classifying clinical stages of tuberculosis and monitoring treatment responses in Ethiopian HIV-negative and HIV-positive cohorts.

Background: Validation of previously identified candidate biomarkers and identification of additional candidate gene expression profiles to facilitate diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) disease and monitoring treatment responses in the Ethiopian context is vital for improving TB control in the future.

Methods: Expression levels of 105 immune-related genes were determined in the blood of 80 HIV-negative study participants composed of 40 active TB cases, 20 latent TB infected individuals with positive tuberculin skin test (TST+), and 20 healthy controls with no Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection (TST-), using focused gene expression profiling by dual-color Reverse-Transcription Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification assay. Gene expression levels were also measured six months after anti-TB treatment (ATT) and follow-up in 38 TB patients.

Host Gene Expression Kinetics During Treatment of Tuberculosis in HIV-Coinfected Individuals Is Independent of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy.

Background: Limitations in diagnostic tools to discriminate between active tuberculosis and latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and for monitoring antituberculosis treatment responses are major challenges in tuberculosis control, especially in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-coinfected individuals.

Methods: Expression levels of 105 immune-related genes were determined in 131 HIV-infected patients with active tuberculosis (n = 48), patients with latent M. tuberculosis infection (LTBI; n = 37), and controls with no M.