Anatomical requirements for dacryocystorhinostomy ostium patency.

Purpose: To identify anatomical factors affecting the outcome of dcryocystorhinostomy (DCR).

Methods: The study included the results of dacryocystography in 73 patients after DCR: 37 cases of failed DCR and 36 cases of successful DCR. Biometric characteristics of the formed ostium were evaluated: the horizontal size of the bony "window" and the soft tissue part of the ostium, the vertical size of the bony "window" and soft tissue ostium, the height of the fragment of the remaining bone above and below the line of the common canaliculus, and the height of the "pocket" formed below the lower edge of the ostium.

[Pharmacological prevention of fibrosis in dacryosurgery].

Chronic inflammatory process in the lacrimal drainage system is the main etiological factor leading to dacryostenosis and consequent obliteration - partial and total nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Prevention of this process is an urgent problem in dacryology. Currently, there is very little research on the development and use of conservative methods for treating dacryostenosis using anti-inflammatory, as well as anti-fibrotic drugs.

[Anatomical structure and morphometric parameters of the distal segment of the lacrimal drainage system].

The article analyzes the literature data concerning the anatomical structure of the tear ducts with a focus on morphometric studies of individual structures. It is noted that, despite the high information content of cadaveric studies, most of the information to date has been obtained with the use of intravital radiation visualization methods. It is shown that the lacrimal drainage system has age, gender, and racial characteristics.

[Dacryocystorhinostomy with a counteropening in the treatment of secondary nasolacrimal duct obstruction after radioiodine therapy].

Unlabelled: Among secondary forms of nasolacrimal duct obstruction caused by radioactive iodine therapy, its distal forms localized in the area of the Hasner's valve are predominant. In this regard, during dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) there is a high probability of developing the sump syndrome, for which the anatomical prerequisite is that the lower edge of the DCR ostium is above the level of obstruction. In such cases, we propose to supplement DCR with a counteropening in the area of the Hasner's valve.

Dynamic viscosity of the wall of the lacrimal sac in disorders of the patency of the lacrimal ducts.

Purpose: To assess the dynamic viscosity of the lacrimal sac wall in patients with various origins of lacrimal duct obstruction.

Methods: The study was performed in 35 cases: 21 cases with primary nasolacrimal duct obstruction (PANDO) and 14 cases with secondary nasolacrimal duct obstruction after radioiodine therapy (SALDO). The study of biomechanical properties of the lacrimal sac was carried out using a test bench.

[Structure and dynamics of depressive disorders in patients with a new coronavirus infection].

Objective: To analyze the dynamics of depressive disorders in patients who underwent COVID-19.

Material And Methods: The study included female patients (=30) with mean age 35.4±3.

[Biometric characteristics of the lacrimal passages in healthy individuals and in patients with nasolacrimal duct obstruction].

Unlabelled: Despite an obvious interest in the processes occurring in the lacrimal passages in their obstruction, there is few articles analyzing their biometric parameters.

Purpose: The study investigates the biometric characteristics of the lacrimal passages in healthy individuals and in patients with nasolacrimal duct obstruction.

Material And Methods: The study included 81 cases of partial nasolacrimal duct obstruction and 38 cases without tear drainage insufficiency.

[Dynamic pathomorphological characteristics of the nasolacrimal duct in its stenosis].

Objective: Pathological description of the process of stenosis of the nasolacrimal duct at its various stages.

Material And Methods: The material for the study was obtained from the wall of the nasolacrimal duct during surgery in 50 patients whose condition was attributed to the 1st, 2nd or 3rd clinical stage of dacryostenosis. The material was fixed in formalin and sent for pathohistological and immunohistochemical (IHC) studies.

Morphological Characteristics of the Lacrimal Apparatus in its Obstruction of Various Genesis.

Secondary acquired lacrimal duct obstruction (SALDO) is one of the complications of radioiodine therapy. The material was obtained during endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy with revision of Hasner's valve in patients with PANDO (n = 7) in the distal segments of the nasolacrimal duct and in patients with SALDO (n = 7) after radioactive iodine therapy. The material was stained with hemotoxylin and eosin, alcyan blue, and by Masson method.

Dependence of radioactive iodine-131 capture by the lacrimal ducts on the tear production level.

Purpose: Secondary acquired lacrimal duct obstruction (SALDO) is one of the complications of radioiodine therapy. SALDO is formed a few months after therapy if there is a sufficient uptake of radioactive iodine by the nasolacrimal duct. To date, risk factors leading to SALDO are unclear.

Topographic and anatomical features of the nasolacrimal duct obstruction due to radioiodine treatment.

Purpose: To investigate the topographic and anatomical features of secondary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (SALDO) due to radioiodine therapy.

Methods: Dacryocystography-computed tomography (DCG-CT) scans of the nasolacrimal ducts in 64 cases with SALDO due to radioiodine therapy and in 69 cases with primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (PANDO) were studied. The anatomical site of obstruction was located, and morphometric characteristics of the nasolacrimal ducts were calculated: volume, length, and average sectional area.

[Cell cultures - model object for experimental studies in ophthalmology].

The article presents results obtained on several types of model cultures. Primary cultures of corneal epithelial cells and fibroblast-like cells from the limbus were obtained from the tissues of the anterior eye segment. Tests were performed on these cultures to determine the cytotoxicity of antiglaucoma drugs and to trial a protection method.

[Disorders of lacrimal drainage: the way from theory to practice].

The article summarizes the results of research conducted over the past decade concerning the current problems of dacryology, analyzes the improvements made to the methods of diagnostics used in disorders of lacrimal passages on the basis of modern imaging and functional studies, describes the techniques aimed at improving the clinical effectiveness of the intervention, as well as drug and non-drug methods of intraoperative prevention of excessive scarring in the area of the artificial ostium. The article also analyzes the experience of using balloon dacryoplasty in relapses of tear duct obstruction after dacryocystorhinostomy, and presents the modern minimally invasive surgical techniques, including nasolacrimal duct intubation, as well as balloon dacryoplasty and endoscopic plastic surgery of the ostium of the nasolacrimal duct. Additionally, the work lists the fundamental and applied tasks of dacryology and outlines promising directions of its development.

[Optical coherence tomography in the diagnosis of pathologies of the horizontal portion of the lacrimal drainage system].

This article reviews literature on the use of optical coherence tomography in studying the anatomical structure of the proximal lacrimal drainage system, as well as in diagnosing its pathological changes. Determining the reference values of the parameters of the lacrimal punctum and the lacrimal canaliculus remains an important issue. The review describes the advantages and disadvantages of this method, as well as the prospects for its application in clinical practice.

Morphological features of regenerative processes after dacryocystorinostomy with the use of mitomycin C.

Purpose: To study the morphological features of regenerative processes in dynamics after dacryocystorinostomy (DCR) with the use of Mitomycin C (MMC).

Methods: The study includes 31 cases. All patients underwent endonasal endoscopic DCR.

Rhinological Status of Patients with Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction.

 Studying the state of the nasal cavity and its sinuses and the morphometric parameters of the inferior nasal conchae, as well as a comparative analysis of obtained values in patients with primary (PANDO) and secondary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (SALDO), is relevant.  To study the rhinological status of patients with PANDO) and SALDO).  The present study was based on the results of computed tomography (CT) dacryocystography in patients with PANDO (  = 45) and SALDO due to exposure to radioactive iodine (  = 14).

[Punctal stenosis: etiology, diagnosis, treatment].

This article reviews etiological factors in the development of lacrimal punctal stenosis, modern diagnostic techniques, as well as both conservative and surgical treatment methods. The presented analysis is based on data from 67 literary sources, which provide information on conventional and high-tech examination and treatment methods of patients with lacrimal punctal stenosis. Particular attention is paid to various aspects of punctoplasty - the most common surgical intervention used to treat this pathology.

[The role of local antiseptics in the prevention of coronavirus infection during endonasal interventions on the lacrimal ducts].

Unlabelled: In connection with the pandemic of coronavirus infection, it is urgent to develop measures to prevent the intraoperative spread of coronavirus particles and infection of the operating room staff.

Objective: Generalization and analysis of available data concerning local antiseptic therapy for the prevention of coronavirus infection during endonasal interventions on the lacrimal tract.

Material And Methods: The search for literature sources was carried out using MEDLINE search engines and the Russian Science Citation Index for queries with the keywords "COVID-19", "coronavirus infection", "antiseptics", "protocol for otorhinolaryngological operations", "dacryosurgical operations" and similar in various combinations.

[Experimental investigation of the efficacy of pirfenidone in prevention of ostium cicatricial closure after dacryocystorhinostomy].

Unlabelled: One of the main reasons of failure of dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) is cicatricial closure of the ostium. Finding a way to prevent this outcome remains one of the leading aims of research in dacryology. The effectiveness of the most widespread methods is often considered contradictory by various researchers.

[Modern methods in treatment of lacrimal system vertical part obliteration].

A review of the literature is devoted to the description of modern methods in treatment of lacrimal system vertical part obliteration. Particular attention is paid to various aspects of the most common surgical intervention - endonasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy.

[Modern methods in diagnostics of lacrimal system vertical part obliteration].

A review of the literature is devoted to the description of modern diagnostic methods that are directed at detecting lacrimal pathway obstruction. The presented analysis is based on the study of data from Russian and foreign literary sources on both routine and high-tech lacrimal system examination methods, as well as on authors' experience in studying the diagnostic efficiency of imaging methods such as lacrimal scintigraphy, computed tomography with lacrimal pathway contrasting, and also single photon emission computed tomography. The article gives information about the advantages and disadvantages of the presented methods, highlights the questions of the prospects of their usage in practical dacryology.

[Retrobulbar hematoma in endoscopic endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy].

Recently, an increase in the number of operations on the lacrimal ducts performed by otorhinolaryngologists has been noted throughout the world. During these operations, intra- and postoperative complications may develop, which require the intervention of an ophthalmologist. A rare complication of endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy is the development of retrobulbar hemorrhage.

Endonasal balloon dacryoplasty in partial and complete obstruction of dacryocystorhinostomy ostium.

Unlabelled: Despite the success of dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) in the treatment of lacrimal drainage system (LDS) obliteration and the use of medical and surgical methods to prevent its recurrence, the number of relapses reaches 37%. The main etiological factor leading to this pathology is partial (stenosis) or complete obstruction of the ostium.

Purpose: To study the effectiveness of endonasal balloon dacryoplasty in partial or complete obstruction of dacryocystorhinostomy ostium.

Clinical and Demographic Characteristics of Tearing in Patients after Radioiodine Ablation for Differentiated Thyroid Cancer.

: Radioiodine ablation is a frequent procedure for the management of thyroid cancer. In several cases, this treatment is followed by secondary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (SALDO). Risk factors for the development of SALDO are not defined yet.