Use of Internal Bracing in Multi-ligamentous Knee Injury Reconstruction: A Systematic Review.

Background: Multi-ligament Knee Injuries (MLKI) are often caused by a high-energy impact resulting in dislocation of the knee joint. Given the higher degree of instability associated with these MLKIs, surgical fixation with adjunctive internal bracing and the use of suture augmentation have been proposed with the intention of better restoring knee stability and improving the long-term outcomes of surgery. This systematic review seeks to appraise the current literature in relation to the role of internal bracing in the management of MLKI.

UK Foot and Ankle Thromboembolism (UK-FATE).

Aims: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a potential complication of foot and ankle surgery. There is a lack of agreement on contributing risk factors and chemical prophylaxis requirements. The primary outcome of this study was to analyze the 90-day incidence of symptomatic VTE and VTE-related mortality in patients undergoing foot and ankle surgery and Achilles tendon (TA) rupture.

Identification of brain-enriched proteins in CSF as biomarkers of relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a clinically and biologically heterogenous disease with currently unpredictable progression and relapse. After the development and success of neurofilament as a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker, there is reinvigorated interest in identifying other markers of or contributors to disease. The objective of this study is to probe the predictive potential of a panel of brain-enriched proteins on MS disease progression and subtype.

Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Lateral Compartment Articular Cartilage After Lateral Extra-articular Tenodesis.

Background: Concerns have arisen that anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) with lateral extra-articular tenodesis (LET) may accelerate the development of posttraumatic osteoarthritis in the lateral compartment of the knee.

Purpose/hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the augmentation of ACLR with LET affects the quality of lateral compartment articular cartilage on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 2 years postoperatively. We hypothesized that there would be no difference in T1rho and T2 relaxation times when comparing ACLR alone with ACLR + LET.

A health behaviour pandemic: The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the physical activity, sleep, and sedentary behaviour of already-struggling Canadians.

Objectives: The Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines (24HMG) provide evidence-based recommendations for health behaviours, including light physical activity, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), sedentary behaviour (SB), sleep, and muscle strengthening activities. These behaviours likely changed as a result of public health measures implemented throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to understand how Canadians' health behaviours changed during the pandemic.

A novel rapamycin cream formulation improves facial angiofibromas associated with tuberous sclerosis complex: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial.

Background: Facial angiofibromas (FAs) are a major feature of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). Topical rapamycin can successfully treat FAs. A new stabilized cream formulation that protects rapamycin from oxidation has been developed in 0.

A scoping review of how early-stage knee osteoarthritis has been defined.

Background: Early-stage knee osteoarthritis (KOA) classification criteria will enable consistent identification and trial recruitment of individuals with knee osteoarthritis (OA) at an earlier stage of the disease when interventions may be more effective. Toward this goal, we identified how early-stage KOA has been defined in the literature.

Methods: We performed a scoping literature review in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, and Web of Science, including human studies where early-stage KOA was included as a study population or outcome.

Mechanistic in vitro studies indicate that the clinical drug-drug interactions between protease inhibitors and rosuvastatin are driven by inhibition of intestinal BCRP and hepatic OATP1B1 with minimal contribution from OATP1B3, NTCP and OAT3.

Previous use of a mechanistic static model to accurately quantify the increased rosuvastatin exposure due to drug-drug interaction (DDI) with coadministered atazanavir underpredicted the magnitude of area under the plasma concentration-time curve ratio (AUCR) based on inhibition of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) and organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) 1B1. To reconcile the disconnect between predicted and clinical AUCR, atazanavir and other protease inhibitors (darunavir, lopinavir and ritonavir) were evaluated as inhibitors of BCRP, OATP1B1, OATP1B3, sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) and organic anion transporter (OAT) 3. None of the drugs inhibited OAT3, nor did darunavir and ritonavir inhibit OATP1B3 or NTCP.

Results of TRIO-15, a multicenter, open-label, phase II study of the efficacy and safety of ganitumab in patients with recurrent platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer.

Background: IGF signaling has been implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of ovarian carcinoma (OC). Single agent activity and safety of ganitumab (AMG 479), a fully human monoclonal antibody against IGF1R that blocks binding of IGF1 and IGF2, were evaluated in patients with platinum-sensitive recurrent OC.

Methods: Patients with CA125 progression (GCIG criteria) or measurable disease per RECIST following primary platinum-based therapy received 18 mg/kg of ganitumab q3w.

Co-administration of FVIII with IVIG reduces immune response to FVIII in hemophilia A mice.

Hemophilia A is an X-linked recessive congenital bleeding disorder. Exogenous infusion of FVIII is the treatment of choice, and the development of immunoglobulins against FVIII (inhibitors) remains the major challenge in clinical management of the disease. Here, we investigated the effect of co-administration of FVIII with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) on the development of inhibitors in previously untreated hemophilia A mice.

Studying the right transporter at the right time: an strategy for assessing drug-drug interaction risk during drug discovery and development.

Introduction: Transporters are significant in dictating drug pharmacokinetics, thus inhibition of transporter function can alter drug concentrations resulting in drug-drug interactions (DDIs). Because they can impact drug toxicity, transporter DDIs are a regulatory concern for which prediction of clinical effect from data is critical to understanding risk.

Area Covered: The authors propose strategies to assist mitigating/removing transporter DDI risk during development by frontloading specific studies, or managing patient risk in the clinic.

Walking speed influences spatiotemporal but not symmetry measures of gait in children and adolescents with hemiplegia.

Background: The measurement of gait is likely influenced by walking speed in children with hemiplegia, but this relationship is not well characterized.

Research Question: What is the influence of walking speed on spatiotemporal and symmetry measures of gait in children with hemiplegia, with consideration of side and footwear condition?

Methods: Children with hemiparetic gait due to stroke were recruited for a small pilot intervention study. Participants walked at self-selected and fast speeds while barefoot and while wearing shoes.

Normalizing step-to-step variability to age in children and adolescents with hemiplegia.

Background: Children with hemiplegia often demonstrate gait deviations including increased variability and asymmetry. Step-to-step gait variability decreases over childhood and increases in the presence of neurologic dysfunction. Gait variability in children with hemiplegia should therefore be interpreted in reference to age-related norms RESEARCH QUESTION: Does conversion of the enhanced gait variability index (eGVI) to age-normalized z-scores improve interpretation of gait variability in children with hemiplegia?

Methods: Ten children (11.

Physician complicity in human rights violations: Involuntary sterilization among women from Mexico and Central America seeking asylum in the United States.

Involuntary sterilization is a violation of human rights and grounds for asylum in the United States. Forensic medical evaluations can be useful in documenting this form of persecution and supporting asylees' claims for immigration relief. We conducted a retrospective case analysis of the personal and medical affidavits of 14 asylum-seeking women from four Latin America countries who all reported they had been involuntarily sterilized.

Population Pharmacokinetic Modelling of Acetaminophen and Ibuprofen: the Influence of Body Composition, Formulation and Feeding in Healthy Adult Volunteers.

Background And Objective: Combined acetaminophen and ibuprofen are common antipyretic and analgesic drugs. Formulation and feeding affect drug absorption. Drug clearance has a nonlinear relationship with total body weight.

Histories of pervasive gender-based violence in asylum-seeking women who have undergone female genital mutilation or cutting.

Few studies have described the broader experience of survivors of female genital mutilation or cutting (FGM/C) who have sought asylum in the United States. To gain a better understanding of their exposure to gender-based violence (GBV), the study was conducted to help uncover themes and patterns of co-occurring individual and community factors among women asylum seekers who experienced FGM/C before they arrived in the United States. Following a retrospective chart review of FGM/C cases seen in a human rights clinic, 35 women met the inclusion criteria.

Impact of Bedside Rounding on Attending Teaching Evaluations.

Objective: To examine associations between bedside rounding (BSR) and other rounding strategies (ORS) with resident evaluations of teaching attendings and self-reported attending characteristics.

Methods: Faculty from three academic medical centers who attended resident teaching services for ≥4 weeks during the 2018-2019 academic year were invited to complete a survey about personal and rounding characteristics. The survey instrument was iteratively developed to assess rounding strategy as well as factors that could affect choosing one rounding strategy over another.

CHFR and Paclitaxel Sensitivity of Ovarian Cancer.

The poly(ADP-ribose) binding protein CHFR regulates cellular responses to mitotic stress. The deubiquitinase UBC13, which regulates CHFR levels, has been associated with better overall survival in paclitaxel-treated ovarian cancer. Despite the extensive use of taxanes in the treatment of ovarian cancer, little is known about expression of CHFR itself in this disease.

Evidence Map and Systematic Review of Disinfection Efficacy on Environmental Surfaces in Healthcare Facilities.

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) contribute to patient morbidity and mortality with an estimated 1.7 million infections and 99,000 deaths costing USD $28-34 billion annually in the United States alone. There is little understanding as to if current environmental surface disinfection practices reduce pathogen load, and subsequently HAIs, in critical care settings.

Impact of forensic medical evaluations on immigration relief grant rates and correlates of outcomes in the United States.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of forensic medical evaluations on grant rates for applicants seeking immigration relief in the United States (U.S.) and to identify significant correlates of grant success.