Whole-genome sequencing surveillance of Siberian tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) identifies an additional lineage in Kyrgyzstan.

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is the most prevalent tick-borne viral disease in Europe and Asia. There are three main subtypes of the virus: European, Siberian, and Far Eastern, each of which having distinctive ecology, clinical presentation, and geographic distribution. In recent years, other TBEV subtypes have been described, namely the Himalayan and Baikalian subtypes.

Tetracycline resistance gene transfer from Escherichia coli donors to Salmonella Heidelberg in chickens is impacted by the genetic context of donors.

Chicken ceca are a rich source of bacteria, including zoonotic pathogens such as Salmonella enterica. The microbiota includes strains/species carrying antimicrobial resistance genes and horizontal transfer of resistance determinants between species may increase the risk to public health and farming systems. Possible sources of these antimicrobial resistance donors - the eggshell carrying bacteria from the hen vertically transmitted to the offspring, or the barn environment where chicks are hatched and raised - has been little explored.

The impact of low-energy phonon lifetimes on the magnetic relaxation in a dysprosocenium single-molecule magnet.

Developing molecular spin technologies requires microscopic knowledge of their spin-dynamics. Calculation of phonon modes, phonon scattering and spin-phonon coupling for a dysprosocenium single-molecule magnet (SMM) give simulations of spin-dynamics that agree with experiment. They show that low-energy phonon scattering is a significant contribution to the high-performance of dysprosocenium SMMs.

A comprehensive engineering strategy improves potency and manufacturability of a near pan-neutralizing antibody against HIV.

Anti-HIV envelope broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) are alternatives to conventional antiretrovirals with the potential to prevent and treat infection, reduce latent reservoirs, and/or mediate a functional cure. Clinical trials with "first generation" bnAbs used alone or in combination show promising antiviral effects but also highlight that additional engineering of "enhanced" antibodies will be required for optimal clinical utility, while preserving or enhancing cGMP manufacturing capability. Here we report the engineering of an anti-CD4 binding-site (CD4bs) bnAb, N49P9.

Optimization of SARS-CoV-2 culture from clinical samples for clinical trial applications.

Unlabelled: Clinical trials of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) therapeutics often include virological secondary endpoints to compare viral clearance and viral load reduction between treatment and placebo arms. This is typically achieved using quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR (RT-qPCR), which cannot differentiate replicant competent virus from non-viable virus or free RNA, limiting its utility as an endpoint. Culture-based methods for SARS-CoV-2 exist; however, these are often insensitive and poorly standardized for use as clinical trial endpoints.

-Silanide f-Block Complexes: Insights into Paramagnetic Influence on NMR Chemical Shifts.

The paramagnetism of f-block ions has been exploited in chiral shift reagents and magnetic resonance imaging, but these applications tend to focus on H NMR shifts as paramagnetic broadening makes less sensitive nuclei more difficult to study. Here we report a solution and solid-state (ss) Si NMR study of an isostructural series of locally -symmetric early f-block metal(III) -hypersilanide complexes, [M{Si(SiMe)}(THF)] (; M = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, U); were also characterized by single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, EPR, ATR-IR, and UV-vis-NIR spectroscopies, SQUID magnetometry, and elemental analysis. Only one SiMe signal was observed in the Si ssNMR spectra of , while two SiMe signals were seen in solution Si NMR spectra of and .

Cretaceous and Paleocene fossils reveal an extinct higher clade within Cornales, the dogwood order.

Premise: Characterization and phylogenetic integration of fossil angiosperms with uncertain affinities is relatively limited, which may obscure the diversity of extinct higher taxa in the flowering plant tree of life. The order Cornales contains a diversity of extinct taxa with uncertain familial affinities that make it an ideal group for studying turnover in angiosperms. Here, we describe a new extinct genus of Cornales unassignable to an extant family and conduct a series of phylogenetic analyses to reconstruct relationships of fossils across the order.

Novel Insights Into the Architecture of Macro and Microstructures in Cattle Ossa Cordis.

Ossa cordis, bones located within the heart trigones, are often classified as heterotopic or ectopic bones. Despite their high prevalence in cattle and some other bovids, little is known about their structure or development. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray microtomography, gross dissections, and measurements showed the anatomical locations, prevalence, shapes, and measurements of the cardiac bones in both Egyptian Baladi cattle and Holstein-Friesians.

A SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in a public order and safety training facility in England, June 2021.

Background: The public order and safety (POS) sector remains susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreaks, as workplace attendance is typically compulsory and close physical contact is often needed. Here, we report on a SARS-CoV-2 outbreak with an attack rate of 39% (9/23), which occurred between 19 and 29 June 2021 among a cohort of new POS recruits participating in a mandatory 18-week training programme in England.

Methods: The COVID-OUT (COVID-19 Outbreak investigation to Understand Transmission) study team undertook a multidisciplinary outbreak investigation, including viral surface sampling, workplace environmental assessment, participant viral and antibody testing, and questionnaires, at the two associated training facilities between 5 July and 24 August 2021.

A SARS-CoV-2 outbreak investigation at a storage and distribution centre in England: an assessment of worker- and workplace-related risk factors.

An outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 (1 March to 10 May 2021) with an attack rate of 26.5% among approximately 1150 workers at a storage and distribution centre in England prompted a multidisciplinary outbreak investigation (5 May to 6 August 2021), with the aim of better understanding worker- and workplace-related risk factors for viral transmission in the warehousing sector. Overall, environmental factors (e.

The auxin efflux carrier PIN1a regulates vascular patterning in cereal roots.

Barley (Hordeum vulgare) is an important global cereal crop and a model in genetic studies. Despite advances in characterising barley genomic resources, few mutant studies have identified genes controlling root architecture and anatomy, which plays a critical role in capturing soil resources. Our phenotypic screening of a TILLING mutant collection identified line TM5992 exhibiting a short-root phenotype compared with wild-type (WT) Morex background.

Fluorescent carbazole-derived α-amino acids: structural mimics of tryptophan.

Fluorescent tags are commonly used for imaging of proteins and peptides during biological events; however, the large size of dyes can disrupt protein structure and function, and typically require the use of a chemical spacer. Herein, we report the synthesis of a new class of fluorescent unnatural α-amino acid, containing carbazole side-chains designed to mimic l-tryptophan and thus, readily incorporated into peptides. The amino acids were constructed using a Negishi cross-coupling reaction as the key step and exhibited strong fluorescent emission, with high quantum yields in both organic solvents and water.

Investigating the Association Between Dynamic Driving Pressure and Mortality in COVID-19-Related Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Joint Modeling Approach Using Real-Time Continuously-Monitored Ventilation Data.

Importance And Objectives: COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high mortality and often necessitates invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). Previous studies on non-COVID-19 ARDS have shown driving pressure to be robustly associated with ICU mortality; however, those studies relied on "static" driving pressure measured periodically and manually. As "continuous" automatically monitored driving pressure is becoming increasingly available and reliable with more advanced mechanical ventilators, we aimed to examine the effect of this "dynamic" driving pressure in COVID-19 ARDS throughout the entire ventilation period.

Opiate prescription after hip and knee arthroplasty: a retrospective cohort study.

Aims: Excessive opiate analgesia in relation to orthopaedic surgery is associated with morbidity and mortality. Pre-operative use of opiates is associated with higher post-operative use. There is little information about opiate prescribing practices in relation to elective total joint arthroplasty (TJA) in New Zealand rural centres.

New insights into pesticide occurrence and multicompartmental monitoring strategies in stream ecosystems using periphyton and suspended sediment.

Streams are susceptible to pesticide pollutants which are transported outside of the intended area of application from surrounding agricultural fields. It is essential to monitor the occurrence and levels of pesticides in aquatic ecosystems to comprehend their effects on the aquatic environment. The common sampling strategy used for monitoring pesticides in stream ecosystems is through the collection and analysis of grab water samples.

An outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 in a public-facing office in England.

Background: An outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with an attack rate of 55% (22/40 workers) occurred at a public-facing office in England from August to September 2021. Published evidence regarding outbreaks in office workplaces remains limited.

Aims: To describe an investigation of workplace- and worker-related risk factors following an outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 in a public-facing office.

Surface sampling for SARS-CoV-2 RNA in workplace outbreak settings in the UK, 2021-22.

Aims: To utilize environmental surface sampling to evaluate areas of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) contamination within workplaces to identify trends and improve local coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) control measures.

Methods And Results: Surface sampling was undertaken at 12 workplaces that experienced a cluster of COVID-19 cases in the workforce between March 2021 and March 2022. A total of 7.

Three Episodes of Presumed Culture-Negative Septic Arthritis Following Intramuscular Antipsychotic Injections: A Case Report.

Case: We present a male patient of low socioeconomic status and Māori ethnicity who experienced 3 episodes of presumed culture-negative septic arthritis of the native hip between ages 43 and 52 years. Each episode occurred within 3 weeks of intramuscular antipsychotic injection into the ipsilateral gluteal muscles. The right hip was involved in 2 presentations and the left hip in 1 presentation.

Mimicking superinfection exclusion disrupts alphavirus infection and transmission in the yellow fever mosquito .

Multiple viruses, including pathogenic viruses, bacteriophages, and even plant viruses, cause a phenomenon termed superinfection exclusion whereby a currently infected cell is resistant to secondary infection by the same or a closely related virus. In alphaviruses, this process is thought to be mediated, at least in part, by the viral protease (nsP2) which is responsible for processing the nonstructural polyproteins (P123 and P1234) into individual proteins (nsP1-nsP4), forming the viral replication complex. Taking a synthetic biology approach, we mimicked this naturally occurring phenomenon by generating a superinfection exclusion-like state in mosquitoes, rendering them refractory to alphavirus infection.

ERFVII action and modulation through oxygen-sensing in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Oxygen is a key signalling component of plant biology, and whilst an oxygen-sensing mechanism was previously described in Arabidopsis thaliana, key features of the associated PLANT CYSTEINE OXIDASE (PCO) N-degron pathway and Group VII ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR (ERFVII) transcription factor substrates remain untested or unknown. We demonstrate that ERFVIIs show non-autonomous activation of root hypoxia tolerance and are essential for root development and survival under oxygen limiting conditions in soil. We determine the combined effects of ERFVIIs in controlling gene expression and define genetic and environmental components required for proteasome-dependent oxygen-regulated stability of ERFVIIs through the PCO N-degron pathway.