Pathophysiologic mechanism of cardiac dysfunction in experimentally induced heartworm caval syndrome in dogs: an echocardiographic study.

In dogs with experimentally induced heartworm infection, the onset of caval syndrome (CS) was characterized by a murmur, loudest over the tricuspid valve, and a large worm mass in the right ventricular lumen detectable during diastole by use of M-mode echocardiography. Two-dimensional echocardiography indicated that the worm mass was located in the right atrium and venae cavae and was "flowing" into the right ventricle during rapid diastolic filling. Paradoxical septal motion and vigorous right ventricular cranial wall motion also were observed.

Aggregation of physical activity habits in Mexican-American and Anglo families.

It is believed that families are important influences on the development of health habits, and the purpose of the present study was to examine the familial aggregation of physical activity. Physical activity habits were assessed by standardized interview in adults and children in 95 Anglo families and 111 Mexican-American families. The results indicated a moderate degree of aggregation of physical activity in both samples, and adjustment for body mass index was inconsequential.

Pathways of Nitrogen Assimilation in Cowpea Nodules Studied using N(2) and Allopurinol.

In the presence of 0.5 millimolar allopurinol (4-hydroxypyrazolo [3,4-d]pyrimidine), an inhibitor of NAD:xanthine oxidoreductase (EC 1.2.

Human alloantibodies detecting a red cell antigen apparently identical to MER2.

Three examples of an antibody were found to be detecting a red cell polymorphism probably identical to MER2. The antibodies were made by Jews originating from India and living in Israel. Two of them were sibs and the third was unrelated.

Investigation of caval syndrome in dogs experimentally infected with Dirofilaria immitis.

Nine of 16 dogs inoculated with 200 infective heartworm larvae developed caval syndrome (CS) of heartworm disease (HWD). There was no difference between dogs that did and did not develop CS with regard to total heartworm burden, burden relative to body weight, or female heartworm burden, indicating that factors other than worm mass are involved in the pathogenesis of CS. Male dogs were twice as frequently affected as females, although this finding was not statistically significant.

Assessing knowledge of cardiovascular health-related diet and exercise behaviors in Anglo- and Mexican-Americans.

This article describes the Adult and Child Behavior Knowledge Scales that were used as part of the San Diego Family Health Project to measure knowledge of health behaviors related to cardiovascular diseases in two ethnic groups: Anglo- and Mexican-Americans. The psychometric characteristics of these scales indicate acceptable reliabilities for assessing knowledge of dietary sodium, dietary fat, and exercise among both adults and children and differ from other health knowledge scales in that they focus on "behavioral capability" rather than on the link between behavior and disease. It is believed that the type of information measured by our scales is more closely related to behavior changes sought in contemporary cardiovascular disease prevention trials.

Canine diabetes mellitus has a seasonal incidence: implications relevant to human diabetes.

A 3 year survey of practicing veterinarians in the State of Wisconsin revealed a strong seasonal variation (peak incidence in January and February) for spontaneous canine diabetes mellitus (SCDM) in pet dogs. This seasonal incidence was quite similar to that observed in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in humans. SCDM is etiologically heterogeneous, it has dissimilar etiologies as compared to IDDM, and it is unlikely that viral infections play a causal role.

Recruitment issues, health habits, and the decision to participate in a health promotion program.

To understand the external validity of experimental studies, it is important to estimate the extent to which the participants are representative of the general population. This paper describes recruitment methods and considers the representativeness of participants in the San Diego Family Health Project. The study was designed to experimentally evaluate the effectiveness of a family-based behavior change intervention in Anglo and Mexican-American families.

Salvage chemotherapy of advanced lymphoma with investigational drugs: mitoguazone, gallium nitrate, and etoposide.

Patients with advanced lymphoma who relapse from intensive first-line combination chemotherapy generally have a very poor prognosis. The use of investigational drugs which lack cross-resistance to agents commonly used for initial therapy represents an important approach to the management of such patients. Based upon our prior experience, we developed a protocol which employed a combination of three new agents.

Selective attrition causes overestimates of treatment effects in studies of weight loss.

Selective attrition causes serious threats to the validity of experimental trials. Experimental studies in behavior therapy typically include only data from those who complete an experiment. In this paper, we examine the probability of dropping out of a study contingent upon failure to achieve desired benefits.

Nitrogen Nutrition and Xylem Sap Composition of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. cv Virginia Bunch).

The principal forms of amino nitrogen transported in xylem were studied in nodulated and non-nodulated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). In symbiotic plants, asparagine and the nonprotein amino acid, 4-methyleneglutamine, were identified as the major components of xylem exudate collected from root systems decapitated below the lowest nodule or above the nodulated zone.

San Diego family health project: reaching families through the schools.

This project tests the effectiveness of a family-based health behavior change intervention in two ethnic groups. The aim is to help family members initiate and maintain dietary and physical activity behaviors believed to be linked to risk factors for cardiovascular disease. This paper describes the project and the baseline results.

Responses of male and female physicians to medical complaints in male and female patients.

Workups by male and female physicians in response to five common complaints in a sample of 200 men and women-100 married couples-revealed no significant differences in the extent and content. This study contrasts with observations made in a previous study of male physicians who were found to perform more extensive workups for men than for women. The present study differs from the previous one in several respects, however: (1) the physicians are significantly younger, (2) the patients are significantly older, (3) the physicians practice in a prepaid health maintenance organization as opposed to a fee-for-service group, and (4) the practice consists of men and women partners.

Differences in Ca2+ entry blockers revealed by effects on adenosine- and adrenergic- receptors and cyclic AMP levels of [2-3H]adenine-prelabeled vesicles prepared from guinea pig brain.

Three major classes of Ca2+ entry blockers, classified according to effects on cardiac and vascular smooth muscle, were tested. Vesicles prepared from cerebral cortex and stimulated by adenosine and epinephrine constituted adenosine and alpha-adrenergic receptor systems respectively. Vesicles prepared from cerebellum and stimulated by epinephrine constituted the beta-adrenergic receptor system.

Electrocardiogram of the clinically normal, ketamine-sedated Macaca fascicularis.

Electrocardiograms were obtained from 100 clinically normal cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) sedated with ketamine hydrochloride. Calculations were made for heart rates and mean electrical axes (frontal, sagittal, and transverse planes) as well as for amplitudes and/or intervals for P, PR, QRS, Q, R, S, and QT. Proposed ECG reference ranges are set forth for this species.

The extrafloral nectaries of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) II. Nectar composition, origin of nectar solutes, and nectary functioning.

Nectar was collected from the extrafloral nectaries of leaf stipels and inflorescence stalks, and phloem sap from cryopunctured fruits of cowpea plants. Daily sugar losses as nectar were equivalent to only 0.1-2% of the plant's current net photosynthate, and were maximal in the fourth week after anthesis.

Clinical, biochemical, acid-base, and electrolyte abnormalities in cats after hypertonic sodium phosphate enema administration.

Ten clinically healthy cats were allotted into 2 groups. Group A was given the low (60 ml), and group B was given the high (120 ml) recommended dose of a commercial hypertonic sodium phosphate enema. Enema retention was enforced.

Nitrogen nutrition and metabolic interconversions of nitrogenous solutes in developing cowpea fruits.

Budgets for import and utilization of ureide, amides, and a range of amino acids were constructed for the developing first-formed fruit of symbiotically dependent cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp. cv Vita 3).