Prediction and prognosis of biologically aggressive breast cancers by the combination of DWI/DCE-MRI and immunohistochemical tumor markers.

Breast cancer (BC) research has been evolving tremendously on all fronts, whether it being for imaging, pathology, oncology, pharmacology, or genetics. Regarding medical imaging, dynamic contrast enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) are now both universally recognized and widely used modalities in multiparametric MRI (mp-MRI) to diagnose and stage BC, to assess post-chemotherapy response, and to differentiate between scar tissue and recurrent tumor. Meanwhile, pathologists have provided evidence of BC being heterogeneous and having several subtypes, which in turn might affect its prognostic and therapeutic outcomes.