The negative impact of levothyroxine treatment on urinary luteinizing hormone measurements in pediatric patients with thyroid disease.

Objectives: Previous studies suggest urinary luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) measurements by immunofluorometric assays (IFMA) as noninvasive alternatives to serum assays for puberty assessment. However, these studies excluded patients with other endocrine disorders and those taking medications. Besides, the recent discontinuation of IFMA manufacturing is a concern.

Urine Sampling Protocol Recommendations for Reliable Determination of Total Urinary Luteinizing Hormone Immunoreactivity in the Pediatric Population.

This study investigates day-to-day variations in urinary luteinizing hormone (U-LH) concentrations in children, focusing on potential minimization or correction methods. 95 children and adolescents (51 boys, 44 girls, ages 5-17) provided daytime and evening urine samples for U-LH determinations over three consecutive days. No consistent day-to-day differences in U-LH levels were observed, although random variations, particularly in adolescents aged 13 or older, were noted.

Quantification of overnight urinary gonadotropin excretion predicts imminent puberty in girls: a semi-longitudinal study.

Purpose: We explored the alternative of using overnight fold change in gonadotropin levels by comparing the last-night-voided (LNV) and first-morning-voided (FMV) urine concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) as a conceptual analogy to the invasive gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulation test setting.

Methods: We investigated the nocturnal changes in the immunoreactivity levels of urinary gonadotropins between early and late prepubertal stages as well as between early and late pubertal stages in FMV and LNV urine samples from 30 girls, of whom those who were prepubertal were further investigated through follow-up visits within the 1-year period from the start of the study.

Results: ROC analysis revealed that the FMV total U-LH and FMV U-FSH concentrations at or above 0.

Urinary gonadotropin measurements by enhanced luminometric assays (LIA) for the evaluation of pubertal development.

Objectives: Determination of LH in urine has proved to be a reliable method for evaluation of pubertal development. The human LH assay based on time-resolved immunofluorometric (IFMA) technology (AutoDELFIA, PerkinElmer, Wallac) has been found to be suitable for this purpose thanks to its high sensitivity but other assays have not been evaluated. We have analyzed our data obtained by another potentially sensitive detection technique, enhanced luminometric assay (LIA) with the objective of finding a viable alternative to IFMA since these may not be available in the future.

Sleep Disorders and Obesity in Childhood: A New Component in Solving Obesity.

Sleep disorders have been widely reported in obese individuals. Previous studies have shown that together with an increase in obesity prevalence, so does sleep duration in children and adolescents decrease. By contributing to energy imbalances, hormonal changes occurring with reduced sleep quality may cause weight gain and obesity.

A Synopsis of Current Practice in the Diagnosis and Management of Patients with Turner Syndrome in Turkey: A Survey of 18 Pediatric Endocrinology Centers.

Objective: A comprehensive survey was conducted to evaluate the shortcomings of clinical care in patients with Turner syndrome (TS) in Turkey.

Methods: A structured questionnaire prepared by the Turner study group in Turkey, which covered relevant aspects of patient care in TS was sent to 44 pediatric endocrinology centers.

Results: Eighteen centers (41%) responded to the questionnaire.

Homozygous loss-of-function mutations in SOHLH1 in patients with nonsyndromic hypergonadotropic hypogonadism.

Context: Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism presents in females with delayed or arrested puberty, primary or secondary amenorrhea due to gonadal dysfunction, and is further characterized by elevated gonadotropins and low sex steroids. Chromosomal aberrations and various specific gene defects can lead to hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. Responsible genes include those with roles in gonadal development or maintenance, sex steroid synthesis, or end-organ resistance to gonadotropins.

Novel growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor gene mutations in Turkish children with isolated growth hormone deficiency.

Objective: Isolated growth hormone deficiency (IGHD) is defined as a medical condition associated with growth failure due to insufficient production of GH or lack of GH action. Mutations in the gene encoding for GH-releasing hormone receptor (GHRHR) have been detected in patients with IGHD type IB. However, genetic defects on GHRHR causing IGHD in the Turkish population have not yet been reported.

Subclinical hypothyroidism in childhood and adolescense.

Subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) is defined as a serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level above the reference range with normal serum free thyroxin (sT4) and free triiodothyronine (sT3) levels. The prevalence of SH in children and adolescents is reported between 1.7% and 9.

Isolated hyperthyrotropinemia in childhood obesity and its relation with metabolic parameters.

Purpose: The aim of the presented study was to evaluate the prevalence of isolated hyperthyrotropinemia (IH) in obese children and the relation between anthropometric and metabolic parameters.

Methods: Hospital records of the children, who presented to the Pediatric Endocrinology outpatient clinic of our institution with obesity, and age and gender-matched healthy children, who had undergone thyroid function test for any reason were retrospectively reviewed.

Results: The prevalence of IH was significantly higher in the obese group than in the controls (9.

Monitoring and prognostic evaluation of patients with congenital hypothyroidism treated in a pediatric endocrinology unit.

In this study, the etiological factors, diagnostic approaches, dose, and duration of treatment were compared between cases with transient and permanent congenital hypothyroidism (CH) with respect to prognosis. One hundred and twenty-two patients who received treatments with the diagnosis of CH in the last 10 years were included in the study. The records of the patients were reviewed retrospectively.

The role of initial clinical and laboratory findings in infants with hyperthyrotropinemia to predict transient or permanent hypothyroidism.

Objective: Studies on the clinical course of children with hyperthyrotropinemia are scarce. We aimed to evaluate the role of presentation findings in such infants to predict eventual outcome.

Methods: Files of infants diagnosed as suspicious congenital hypothyroidism (CH) in the neonatal or early infancy period in the past ten years were analyzed retrospectively, and 37 patients (M/F: 20/17) with hyperthyrotropinemia diagnosed at a median age of 3.

Vitamin D in childhood cancer: a promising anticancer agent?

Children diagnosed and treated for cancer are vulnerable to Vitamin D deficiency depending on many factors. The Vitamin D status in children with cancer has been mostly regarded as a contributory factor for skeletal pathologies so far. However, the calcitriol was found to promote cell differentiation, inhibit malignant proliferation, and exhibit antiinflammatory, proapoptotic and antiangiogenic properties.

Hyperprolactinemia in children: clinical features and long-term results.

Hyperprolactinemia is a rare endocrine disorder in childhood, which may result from hypophyseal adenoma. We aimed to review the etiologic reasons and clinical features in hyperprolactinemia patients retrospectively. The mean age of 11 female patients at diagnosis was 14.

Clinical and diagnostic characteristics of hyperprolactinemia in childhood and adolescence.

Pituitary adenoma is the most common cause of hyperprolactinemia, which is a rare endocrine disorder encountered in pediatric patient care. Epidemiological and clinical information about hyperprolactinemia in childhood and adolescence is limited. Clinical signs of hyperprolactinemia are very heterogeneous.

Newborn screening for congenital hypothyroidism.

Newborn screening (NS) for congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is one of the major achievements in preventive medicine. Most neonates born with CH have normal appearance and no detectable physical signs. Hypothyroidism in the newborn period is almost always overlooked, and delayed diagnosis leads to the most severe outcome of CH, mental retardation, emphasizing the importance of NS.

McCune-Albright syndrome mimicking malignancy: an endocrine disease from oncologist's perspective.

Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is categorized as either monostotic or polyostotic and may occur as a component of McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS). Imaging findings can mimic neoplastic diseases. We present a case of MAS initially suspected to have neoplastic disease.

Clinical profile and etiologies of children with central diabetes insipidus: a single-center experience from Turkey.

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical, anthropometric, hormonal, and radiological characteristics of children with central diabetes insipidus (DI).

Methods: Case records of 34 children (22 boys and 12 girls) with documented central DI referred to the Pediatric Endocrinology and Adolescent Clinic of Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Medicine were reviewed. The mean age at diagnosis was 6.

Fetal and neonatal endocrine disruptors.

Endocrine disruptors are substances commonly encountered in every setting and condition in the modern world. It is virtually impossible to avoid the contact with these chemical compounds in our daily life. Molecules defined as endocrine disruptors constitute an extremely heterogeneous group and include synthetic chemicals used as industrial solvents/lubricants and their by-products.

Fine-needle aspiration biopsy in the diagnosis and follow-up of thyroid nodules in childhood.

Objective: To assess the role of fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) in the management of pediatric thyroid nodules.

Methods: Results of 30 FNABs performed in our clinic were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical and surgical follow-up data were obtained from the patient files, and clinical correlation and accuracy of FNAB were evaluated.

Growth of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Objective: To retrospectively evaluate the effect of type 1 diabetes on growth.

Methods: Patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) followed for at least one year after diagnosis, and without coexisting disorder that could affect growth, were included in this retrospective analysis. Height and body mass index (BMI) values were recorded.

Nutritional rickets and vitamin D deficiency in infants, children and adolescents.

Nutritional rickets continues to be a public health problem in many countries despite the presence of cheap and effective means of preventing the disease. Deficiency of vitamin D is associated with rickets in growing children and osteomalacia in adults. Vitamin D deficiency is attributed to a variety of causes including diet, atmospheric pollution, religious practices that restrict sunlight exposure (clothing), geographic latitude and altitude, season, and time of the day.

Prevalence of anticardiolipin antibodies in type 1 diabetes and autoimmune thyroiditis.

Introduction: High levels of anticardiolipin (aCL) antibodies may predict vascular complications that could develop in type 1 diabetes and autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT). However, the clinical relevance of these antibodies in subjects with type 1 diabetes and AIT is unclear.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and significance of aCL antibodies in patients with type 1 diabetes and AIT.

Characterization of GH-1 mutations in children with isolated growth hormone deficiency in the Turkish population.

Isolated growth hormone deficiency (IGHD) is defined as a medical condition associated with growth failure due to insufficient production of growth hormone (GH) or lack of growth hormone action. It occurs with an incidence of between 1/4,000 and 1/10,000 live births. Most cases are sporadic and idiopathic but 5-30% of growth hormone deficiency (GHD) has genetic etiology.