Assessment of the understanding and awareness of bioethics among healthcare professionals in all public and private hospitals of Haripur district, Pakistan: a multicentre cross-sectional study.

Objective: To assess the level of bioethics awareness among healthcare professionals in Pakistan, focusing on the associations with sociodemographic characteristics, training and teaching of ethics, medical ethics practice and specific ethical issues.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: Public and private hospitals in Haripur, Pakistan.

Selective inhibition of NADPH oxidase reverses the over contraction of diabetic rat aorta.

Abnormal vascular responsiveness in diabetes has been attributed to a number of changes in contractile pathways, affected in part by the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). It has been reported that NADPH oxidase (NOX) is increased in diabetic (streptozotocin treated; STZ) rat arteries; however the pharmacological agents used to inhibit NOX activity are known to be unsuitable for in vitro studies and have a high level of non-selectivity. Here we have used the highly selective NOX inhibitor VAS2870 in diabetic rat aorta and compared its effects with apocynin, SOD, and allopurinol on phenylephrine and U46619 induced contraction.