Synthesis and evaluation of drug-loaded silver nanoparticles as hemostatic agents to halt uncontrolled bleeding.

Objective: The aim of this research study was to formulate a cost-effective, stable, less toxic and more efficacious intravenous nanoformulation that could rapidly augment the process of hemostasis.

Significance: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) evoked platelet activation, whereas alum (AM) neutralized the plasma proteins, causing blood coagulation. Tranexamic acid (TA) inhibited fibrinolysis and stabilized the formed blood clot.

Combating chlorine-resistant marine Klebsiella pneumoniae biofilms with chlorine-tolerant bacteriophages.

Biofilm formation presents a significant challenge in health care, food industries, water distribution systems, etc. In addition to their inherent resistance to various stresses and biocides, emerging resistance against widely used biocides like chlorine is a growing concern. The strong link between chlorine resistance and the development of antibiotic resistance among microbes further exacerbates this issue.

Competition-driven phenotypic plasticity in Iron acquisition and aromatic utilization confers a fitness advantage to Pseudomonas putida in an Iron-limited rhizospheric environment.

Iron scarcity poses a critical challenge for rhizospheric bacteria like Pseudomonas putida in the competitive rhizosphere. Despite its dependence on iron for essential functions such as root colonization, motility, and aromatic compound utilization, P. putida exhibits limited capability for heterologous siderophore utilization and primarily relies on the secretion of a single siderophore, pyoverdine.

Advanced oxidative degradation of monoethanolamine in water using ultraviolet light and hydrogen peroxide.

This study aims to develop a benign and commercially viable method for the degradation of monoethanolamine (MEA) in the aqueous phase an ultraviolet/hydrogen peroxide (UV/HO) advanced oxidation process (AOP). The current investigation is novel in terms of detailed kinetic analysis and degradation mechanisms; the impact of pH and UV light intensity on MEA degradation was thoroughly examined. pH 9 was identified as the optimal condition, achieving a degradation efficiency of 76.

Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation for Early-Stage Invasive Lobular Carcinoma.

Purpose: Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) represents 10% to 15% of invasive breast cancers with limited representation among trials of accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI). Contemporary guidelines advise against treating ILC with APBI given a paucity of supportive evidence. Here, we evaluated oncologic outcomes among patients with ILC treated with APBI.

Application of LEF-1 immunohistochemical staining in the diagnosis of solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas.

Introduction: Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm (SPN) is a tumor of young females with gain-of-function mutation in catenin beta 1 gene involved in Wnt signal transduction pathway. Beta-catenin immunohistochemistry (IHC) is used to diagnose SPN. Lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 (LEF-1) has been recognized in the transactivation of Wnt pathway.

Echocardiographic Functional Outcomes Following Regional Nodal Irradiation for Breast Cancer Using Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy.

Purpose: Regional nodal irradiation (RNI) for breast cancer yields improvements in disease outcomes, yet comprehensive target coverage often increases cardiac radiation therapy (RT) dose. Volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) may mitigate high-dose cardiac exposure, although it often increases the volume of low-dose exposure. The cardiac implications of this dosimetric configuration (in contrast to historic 3D conformal techniques) remain uncertain.

Prevalence and incidence measures for schizophrenia among commercial health insurance and medicaid enrollees.

Given the chronic nature of schizophrenia, it is important to examine age-specific prevalence and incidence to understand the scope of the burden of schizophrenia across the lifespan. Estimates of lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia have varied widely and have often relied upon community-based data estimates from over two decades ago, while more recent studies have shown considerable promise by leveraging pooled datasets. However, the validity of measures of schizophrenia, particularly new onset schizophrenia, has not been well studied in these large health databases.

Genotype-Directed Synthetic Cytotoxicity of ATR Inhibition with Radiotherapy.

Purpose: The importance of the DNA damage response in mediating effects of radiotherapy (RT) has galvanized efforts to target this pathway with radiosensitizers. Yet early clinical trials of this approach have failed to yield a benefit in unselected populations. We hypothesized that ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (Atm)-null tumors would demonstrate genotype-specific synergy between RT and an inhibitor of the DNA damage response protein ataxia-telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) kinase.

Clinical Outcomes and Targeted Genomic Analysis of Renal Cell Carcinoma Brain Metastases Treated with Stereotactic Radiosurgery.

Background: Molecular profiles of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) brain metastases (BMs) are not well characterized. Effective management with locoregional therapies, including stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), is critical as systemic therapy advancements have improved overall survival (OS).

Objective: To identify clinicogenomic features of RCC BMs treated with SRS in a large patient cohort.

Increased Synthetic Cytotoxicity of Combinatorial Chemoradiation Therapy in Homologous Recombination Deficient Tumors.

Purpose: Homologous recombination deficient (HRD) tumors are exquisitely sensitive to platinum-based chemotherapy and when combined with radiation therapy (RT), leads to improved overall survival in multiple cancer types. Whether a subset of tumors with distinct molecular characteristics demonstrate increased benefit from cisplatin and RT (c-RT) is unclear. We hypothesized that HRD tumors, whether associated with BRCA mutations or genomic scars of HRD, exhibit exquisite sensitivity to c-RT, and that HRD may be a significant driver of c-RT benefit.

Breast Cancer Presenting With Intravascular Tumor Emboli in Axillary Soft Tissue: Recurrence Risk and Radiation Therapy Outcomes.

Purpose: Intravascular tumor emboli in axillary soft tissue (ITE) is a rare pathologic finding in breast cancer and is associated with higher axillary nodal disease burden. The independent prognostic and predictive value of this entity is unknown, as is the role of radiation therapy for ITE.

Methods And Materials: We analyzed a prospectively maintained database of breast cancer patients treated from 1992 to 2020.

Statistical design and optimization of nano-transfersomes based chitosan gel for transdermal delivery of cefepime.

Objectives: This research aimed to overcome challenges posed by cefepime excessive elimination rate and poor patient compliance by developing transdermal delivery system using nano-transfersomes based chitosan gel.

Methods: Rotary evaporation-sonication method and the Box-Behnken model were used to prepare cefepime loaded nano-transfersomes (CPE-NTFs). The physiochemical characterization of CPE-NTFs were analyzed including DLS, deformability index, DSC and antimicrobial study.

The Presence of Extensive Lymphovascular Invasion is Associated With Higher Risks of Local-Regional Recurrence Compared With Usual Lymphovascular Invasion in Curatively Treated Breast Cancer Patients.

Purpose: Several data sets have demonstrated a correlation between lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and locoregional recurrence (LRR). Whether the observation of "extensive LVI" is a further and incremental determinant of LRR risk is unknown. We describe clinical outcomes in women with invasive breast cancer stratified by (1) absence of LVI (neg), (2) LVI focal or suspicious (FS-LVI), (3) usual (nonextensive) LVI (LVI), and (4) extensive LVI (E-LVI).

Real-World Use of Hypofractionated Radiotherapy for Primary CNS Tumors in the Elderly, and Implications on Medicare Spending.

Background: For elderly patients with high-grade gliomas, 3-week hypofractionated radiotherapy (HFRT) is noninferior to standard long-course radiotherapy (LCRT). We analyzed real-world utilization of HFRT with and without systemic therapy in Medicare beneficiaries treated with RT for primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors using Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services data.

Methods: Radiation modality, year, age (65-74, 75-84, or ≥85 years), and site of care (freestanding vs hospital-affiliated) were evaluated.

A Phase II Study Evaluating the Effect of Intensity Modulated Postmastectomy Radiation Therapy on Implant Failure Rates in Breast Cancer Patients With Immediate, 2-Stage Implant Reconstruction With an MRI Imaging Correlative Substudy.

Purpose: Postmastectomy radiation therapy is a mainstay in the adjuvant treatment of node-positive breast cancer, but it poses risks for women with breast reconstruction. Multibeam intensity-modulated radiation therapy improves dose conformality and homogeneity, potentially reducing complications in breast cancer patients with implant-based reconstruction. To investigate this hypothesis, we conducted a single-arm phase 2 clinical trial of breast cancer patients who underwent mastectomy/axillary dissection and prosthesis-based reconstruction.

Comparative Evaluation of Proton Therapy and Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy for Brachial Plexus Sparing in the Comprehensive Reirradiation of High-Risk Recurrent Breast Cancer.

Purpose: Recurrent or new primary breast cancer requiring comprehensive regional nodal irradiation after prior radiation therapy (RT) to the supraclavicular area and upper axilla is challenging due to cumulative brachial plexus (BP) dose tolerance. We assessed BP dose sparing achieved with pencil beam scanning proton therapy (PBS-PT) and photon volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT).

Methods And Materials: In an institutional review board-approved planning study, all patients with ipsilateral recurrent breast cancer treated with PBS-PT re-RT (PBT1) with at least partial BP overlap from prior photon RT were identified.

Evaluation of ChatGPT pathology knowledge using board-style questions.

Objectives: ChatGPT is an artificial intelligence chatbot developed by OpenAI. Its extensive knowledge and unique interactive capabilities enable its use in various innovative ways in the medical field, such as writing clinical notes and simplifying radiology reports. Through this study, we aimed to analyze the pathology knowledge of ChatGPT to advocate its role in transforming pathology education.

Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation for HER2-Positive Early-Stage Breast Cancer.

Purpose: HER2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer historically exhibited the most adverse local outcomes and, consequently, has had limited representation among trials of partial breast irradiation (PBI). We hypothesized that with contemporary HER2-targeted agents, patients may now exhibit excellent disease control outcomes after adjuvant PBI.

Methods And Materials: Using a prospectively maintained institutional database, we identified patients with HER2+ breast cancer treated with breast conserving surgery (BCS) and PBI from 2000 to 2022.