Cytotoxic activity of silver nanoparticles prepared by eco-friendly synthesis using Lythrum salicaria extract on breast cancer cells.

Background: Metal nanoparticles (NPs) have widely been investigated due to their several applications in therapeutic activities. The current investigation highlights the cytotoxic effects of the eco-friendly phytosynthesis route for silver nanoparticles using Lythrum salicaria (L. salicaria) extract (AgNPs-LS).

Optimizing recombinant antibody fragment production: A comparison of artificial intelligence and statistical modeling.

Maximizing the recombinant protein yield necessitates optimizing the production medium. This can be done using a variety of methods, including the conventional "one-factor-at-a-time" approach and more recent statistical and mathematical methods such as artificial neural network (ANN), genetic algorithm, etc. Every approach has advantages and disadvantages of its own, yet even when a technique has flaws, it is nevertheless used to get the best results.

Optimizing recombinant production of L-asparaginase 1 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae using response surface methodology.

L-asparaginase is an essential enzyme used in cancer treatment, but its production faces challenges like low yield, high cost, and immunogenicity. Recombinant production is a promising method to overcome these limitations. In this study, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the production of L-asparaginase 1 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae in Escherichia coli K-12 BW25113.

Novel Metal-Organic Framework Nanoparticle for Letrozole Delivery: A New Advancement in Breast Cancer Treatment.

Water-stable metal-organic frameworks based on UIO-66@NH were synthesized to transport Letrozole into breast cancer cells. The UIO-66@NH nanoparticles had a spherical shape and triangular base pyramid morphology, with a size range of 100-200 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the efficient adsorption of Letrozole on UIO-66@NH.

Evaluation of Antioxidant and Antibacterial Effects of Lyophilized Cell-Free Probiotic Supernatants of Three spp. and Their Cytocompatibility Against Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells.

Background: Periodontitis is a chronic disease characterized by the inflammation of the periodontium and leads to progressive damage, such as gingival atrophy, alveolar bone loss, and tooth loss. and are bacteria that support the occurrence of periodontitis via the ability to form biofilms or damage the alveolar bone and periodontal ligaments. On the other hand, periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) are cells with differentiation capability into osteoblasts or osteoblasts.

Genome-scale metabolic model-based engineering of Escherichia coli enhances recombinant single-chain antibody fragment production.

Purpose: Escherichia coli is an attractive and cost-effective cell factory for producing recombinant proteins such as single-chain variable fragments (scFvs). AntiEpEX-scFv is a small antibody fragment that has received considerable attention for its ability to target the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), a cancer-associated biomarker of solid tumors. Due to its metabolic burden, scFv recombinant expression causes a remarkable decrease in the maximum specific growth rate of the scFv-producing strain.

Machine learning modeling for solubility prediction of recombinant antibody fragment in four different E. coli strains.

The solubility of proteins is usually a necessity for their functioning. Recently an emergence of machine learning approaches as trained alternatives to statistical models has been evidenced for empirical modeling and optimization. Here, soluble production of anti-EpCAM extracellular domain (EpEx) single chain variable fragment (scFv) antibody was modeled and optimized as a function of four literature based numerical factors (post-induction temperature, post-induction time, cell density of induction time, and inducer concentration) and one categorical variable using artificial neural network (ANN) and response surface methodology (RSM).

Evaluation of Inflammasome Activation in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Hemodialysis Treated Patients with Glomerulonephritis.

Recently, it has been found that abnormal activation of inflammasomes, the intracellular multiprotein complexes, plays an important role in the pathogenesis and the development of inflammatory diseases. To determine whether the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is involved in chronic inflammatory condition reported in glomerulonephritic- hemodialysis (HD) patients, we investigated the mRNA levels of , , and in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) collected from 28 glomerulonephritic-HD patients. To confirm the mRNA quantification results, we investigated the IL-1ß content and Caspase 1 activity in serum and PBMC lysates, respectively.

Uncovering the stability status of the reputed reference genes in breast and hepatic cancer cell lines.

Accurate and reliable relative gene expression analysis via the Reverse Transcription-quantitative Real Time PCR (RT-qPCR) method strongly depends on employing several stable reference genes as normalizers. Utilization of the reference genes without analyzing their expression stability under each experimental condition causes RT-qPCR analysis error as well as false output. Similar to cancerous tissues, cancer cell lines also exhibit various gene expression profiles.

RSM-based Model to Predict Optimum Fermentation Conditions for Soluble Expression of the Antibody Fragment Derived from 4D5MOC-B Humanized Mab in SHuffle™ T7 .

Overexpression of the EpCAM in epithelial-derived neoplasms makes this receptor a promising target in antibody-based therapy. Due to the lack of N-glycosylation, () seems to be the most appropriate choice for the expression of antibody fragments. However, developing a robust and cost-effective process that produces consistent therapeutic proteins from inclusion bodies is a major challenge.

Statistical optimization of culture conditions for expression of recombinant humanized anti-EpCAM single-chain antibody using response surface methodology.

Background And Purpose: The epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), is one of the first cancer- associated markers discovered. Its overexpression in cancer stem cells, epithelial tumors, and circulating tumor cells makes this molecule interesting for targeted cancer therapy. So, in recent years scFv fragments have been developed for EpCAM targeting.

RAB5A effect on metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma cell line via altering the pro-invasive content of exosomes.

Tumor microenvironment exerts a critical role in cancer progression and metastasis. Exosomes, cell-cell communicators and major players of the tumor microenvironment are considered as a serious mediator of cancer metastasis. Here, we determined the effect of RAB5A gene on the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells particularly whether RAB5A could affect HCC metastasis via regulating the pro-invasive content of exosomes.

Solubility assessment of single-chain antibody fragment against epithelial cell adhesion molecule extracellular domain in four Escherichia coli strains.

Background: Overexpression of the EpCAM (epithelial cell adhesion molecule) in malignancies makes it an attractive target for passive immunotherapy in a wide range of carcinomas. In comparison with full-length antibodies, due to the small size, the scFvs (single-chain variable fragments) are more suitable for recombinant expression in E. coli (Escherichia coli).

Validation of common reference genes stability in exosomal mRNA-isolated from liver and breast cancer cell lines.

Accurate relative gene expression analysis by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction relies on the usage of suitable reference genes for data normalization. The RNA content of small extracellular vesicles including exosomes is growingly considered as cancer biomarkers. So, reliable relative quantification of exosomal messenger RNA (mRNA) is essential for cancer diagnosis and prognosis applications.

Functional roles of exosomal miRNAs in multi-drug resistance in cancer chemotherapeutics.

Recent understanding of different molecular aspects of tumor initiation and progression has led to the discovery of a growing list of drugs. While these drugs have shown promising effects on tumor cells, their widespread usage has been hampered by the acquisition of drug resistance in a subpopulation of tumor cells. A differential pattern in the secretion of specialized vesicles named "exosomes" in drug-resistant cancer cells have recently received much attention.

RAB5A is associated with genes involved in exosome secretion: Integration of bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation.

Exosomes, as cell-cell communicators with an endosomal origin, are involved in the progression of various diseases. RAB5A, a member of the small Rab GTPases family, which is well known as a key regulator of cellular endocytosis, is expected to be involved in exosome secretion. Here, we found the impact of RAB5A on exosome secretion from human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line using a rapid yet reliable bioinformatics approach followed by experimental analysis.

CRISPR-Cas9/CRISPRi tools for cell factory construction in E. coli.

The innovative CRISPR-Cas based genome editing technology provides some functionality and advantages such as the high efficiency and specificity as well as ease of handling. Both aspects of the CRISPR-Cas9 system including genetic engineering and gene regulation are advantageously applicable to the construction of microbial cell factories. As one of the most extensively used cell factories, E.

Challenges of in vitro genome editing with CRISPR/Cas9 and possible solutions: A review.

Microbial production of bio-based ingredients often requires metabolically engineered bacterial strains with the edited genome. Genome editing tools are also essential for gene identification and investigating genotype-phenotype connections. Currently, one of the most common tools of genome editing is based on a natural bacterial adaptive immune system known as CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats)/Cas9 (CRISPR-associated protein 9) due to its simple, rapid, and efficient activities.

B1 protein: a novel cell penetrating protein for in vitro and in vivo delivery of HIV-1 multi-epitope DNA constructs.

Objectives: Enhancement of the potential ability of biomacromolecules to cross cell membranes is a critical step for development of effective therapeutic vaccine especially DNA vaccine against human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection. The supercharged proteins were known as powerful weapons for delivery of different types of cargoes such as DNA and protein. Hence, we applied B1 protein with + 43 net charges obtained from a single frameshift in the gene encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) for delivery of two multi-epitope DNA constructs (nef-vpu-gp160-p24 and nef-vif-gp160-p24) in vitro and in vivo for the first time.

MicroRNA: Promising Roles in Cancer Therapy.

MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small non-coding RNAs that act as one of the main regulators of gene expression. They are involved in maintaining a proper balance of diverse processes, including differentiation, proliferation, and cell death in normal cells. Cancer biology can also be affected by these molecules by modulating the expression of oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes.

Efficient expression of EpEX in the cytoplasm of using thioredoxin fusion protein.

Recombinant epithelial cell adhesion molecule extracellular domain (EpEX) has a high potential as a candidate for passive and active immunotherapy as well as cancer vaccination. In the present study, EpEX was expressed as a thioredoxin fusion protein in (). The effect of different hosts and expression conditions on the expression level of the fusion protein was also evaluated.

Comparative analysis of two HIV-1 multiepitope polypeptides for stimulation of immune responses in BALB/c mice.

A licensed vaccine against human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection has not become available up to now. Hence, it is more rational to use immune-informatics tools for prediction of T cell epitopes (in silico study) and development of an effective epitope-driven vaccine against hypervariable pathogens. Multiepitope vaccines were considered as the next generation of an effective vaccine against HIV-1 infection.

Cell-free extracts of and display antiproliferative and antioxidant activities against HT-29 cell line.

Many beneficial effects of probiotic Lactobacilli on cancer prevention and therapy were previously presented. So finding probiotics with proapoptotic activities is a promising approach for cancer drug discovery. Here, the antiproliferative and antioxidant activities of cell-free extracts of and on HT-29 cell line were evaluated employing MTT and DPPH assays.

Comparison of HIV-1 Vif and Vpu accessory proteins for delivery of polyepitope constructs harboring Nef, Gp160 and P24 using various cell penetrating peptides.

To develop an effective therapeutic vaccine against HIV-1, prediction of the most conserved epitopes derived from major proteins using bioinformatics tools is an alternative achievement. The epitope-driven vaccines against variable pathogens represented successful results. Hence, to overcome this hyper-variable virus, we designed the highly conserved and immunodominant peptide epitopes.