Comparison of an animal model of arteriovenous malformation with human arteriovenous malformation.

This study assessed the blood flow and histological changes of an animal model of arteriovenous malformation (AVM) over 84 days in 71 rats, and compared the histological findings to 17 specimens of human AVM. Carotid-jugular fistula blood flow positively correlated with time. The maximum flow rate occurred at 42 days, at which time the nidus was considered mature and was histologically similar to human AVMs.

Inflammatory molecule expression in cerebral arteriovenous malformations.

Inflammatory proteins may play a role in the pathophysiology of cerebral arteriovenous malformations and their response to radiosurgery. The aim of this study was to compare the expression of inflammatory molecules in arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) with that in normal cerebral vessels. Fresh-frozen surgical specimens from 15 AVMs and three control specimens were studied.

Coadministration of low-dose lipopolysaccharide and soluble tissue factor induces thrombosis after radiosurgery in an animal arteriovenous malformation model.

Objective: Radiosurgery for arteriovenous malformations is limited to small lesions and may take 3 years to produce total occlusion. It has recently been shown that coadministration of low-dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and soluble tissue factor (sTF) selectively induces thrombosis in murine tumor models, attributable perhaps to the prothrombotic phenotype of tumor vasculature. Radiosurgery may induce changes in endothelial prothrombotic molecules similar to those found in tumors.

Thrombotic molecule expression in cerebral vascular malformations.

Thrombosis is an important end-point in the obliteration of vascular malformations after radiosurgery. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of thrombotic molecules in arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) and cavernous malformations (CMs), and in AVMs after radiosurgery. Fresh-frozen surgical specimens from 18 AVMs (including three that had previously been treated with radiosurgery), seven CMs, and three control specimens were studied.