Unlocking the Potential of Vessel Density and the Foveal Avascular Zone in Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography as Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease is the most prevalent form of dementia. Apart from its traditional clinical diagnostic methods, novel ocular imaging biomarkers have the potential to significantly enhance the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Ophthalmologists might be able to play a crucial role in this multidisciplinary approach, aiding in the early detection and diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease through the use of advanced retinal imaging techniques.

Neurological Immune-Related Adverse Events Induced by Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.

The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for the treatment of various advanced and aggressive types of malignancy has significantly increased both survival and long-term remission rates. ICIs block crucial inhibitory pathways of the immune system, in order to trigger an aggravated immune response against the tumor. However, this enhanced immune activation leads to the development of numerous immune-related adverse events (irAEs), which may affect any system.

Cognitive Fatigability is Independent of Subjective Cognitive Fatigue and Mood in Multiple Sclerosis.

Background: Sustained cognitive testing is used to detect cognitive fatigability and is often considered a substitute for subjective cognitive fatigue (CF). However, the relationship between cognitive fatigability and subjective CF in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) remains undetermined.

Objective: To explore potential associations between fatigability induced by sustained cognitive testing and subjective CF in PwMS.

Clinically reliable cognitive decline in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis: Is it the tip of the iceberg?

Objectives: Cognitive impairment is common in multiple sclerosis, but the brain MRI correlates in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis remain controversial. The current study aimed to investigate whether cognitive decline can be predicted by global and/or regional brain atrophy.

Methods: Sixty-three patients with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (36 men, mean age 39.

Brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis: mechanisms, clinical relevance and treatment options.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system characterized by focal or diffuse inflammation, demyelination, axonal loss and neurodegeneration. Brain atrophy can be seen in the earliest stages of MS, progresses faster compared to healthy adults, and is a reliable predictor of future physical and cognitive disability. In addition, it is widely accepted to be a valid, sensitive and reproducible measure of neurodegeneration in MS.

Brain volume dynamics in multiple sclerosis. A case-control study.

: In this study, we aimed to explore the extent and clinical relevance of brain volume dynamics in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). : Sixty-three patients with RRMS with a disease duration of about 5 years (36 women, mean age 39.9 ± 9.

Efficacy of computer-based cognitive training in neuropsychological performance of patients with multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Importance: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system characterized by relapses and a progressive course that may lead to accumulation of physical and cognitive disability. Cognitive training interventions seem to improve the cognitive performance of MS patients. The aim of the present meta-analysis is to quantitatively investigate the effect of computer-based cognitive rehabilitation on the neuropsychological performance of patients with MS.

Vitamin B12, folate, and homocysteine levels and multiple sclerosis: A meta-analysis.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating and disabling inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. Several factors contribute to MS pathogenesis including genetic-environmental interactions. Case-control studies suggest that there might be associations between MS and homocysteine (Hcy), vitamin B12, and folate blood levels.

Faces Attract Infants' Attention in Complex Displays.

Infant's face preferences have previously been assessed in displays containing 1 or 2 faces. Here we present 6-month-old infants with a complex visual array containing faces among multiple visual objects. Despite the competing objects, infants direct their first saccade toward faces more frequently than expected by chance (Experiment 1).