Molecular Mechanisms and Treatment Strategies for Helicobacter pylori-Induced Gastric Carcinogenesis and Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT) Lymphoma.

has been classified as a class I carcinogen by WHO because of its primary involvement in the development of gastric cancer and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. This review focuses on understanding the molecular pathophysiological mechanisms that operate within intracellular transduction pathways and their relevance in the treatment strategies for the two main diseases caused by virulence factors such as cytotoxin-associated gene A and vacuolating cytotoxin A genotypes, inflammatory mediators, -induced microRNA deregulation, alterations in autophagy proteins and regulators, and changes in DNA methylation are some of the molecular mechanisms that play essential roles in infection and gastric carcinogenesis. The discovery of novel treatment strategies that target the deregulated intracellular transduction pathways in gastric carcinogenesis and MALT lymphoma is critical.

Detection of Nonhematologic Neoplasms in Bone Marrow by Flow Cytometry: A Report of Two Cases.

Multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) is a well-established method for the diagnosis, prognosis, and follow-up of a vast majority of hematological malignancies; however, it can have a major impact on the rapid diagnosis of nonhematopoietic tumor micrometastases in minimally invasive samples such as bone marrow aspirates (BMAs), body fluids, and tissue samples (lymph nodes, fine needle aspirates). Here, we present two cases of bone marrow micrometastases of neuroendocrine origin (one small cell lung carcinoma [SCLC] and one large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma [LCNEC] of the lungs) readily recognized by routine MFC investigation of BMA and review the existing literature on the role of MFC in the diagnosis of solid tumors of neuroendocrine origin. The clinical application of flow cytometry for the diagnosis of solid tumors is limited despite the accumulating evidence of the value of the method.

Primary gastric melanoma of unknown origin: a case report and short literature review.

Though being usually a cutaneous tumor, melanomas can occur in several extracutaneous sites. Primary mucosal melanomas are rare, and primary gastric mucosal melanomas are considered extremely rare. Compared with cutaneous and ocular melanoma, mucosal melanomas have the lowest five-year survival.

Management of a young female patient with Fournier's gangrene and Lemierre's syndrome.

Fournier's gangrene is an acute, rapidly progressive, and potentially fatal, infective necrotizing fasciitis affecting the external genitalia, perineal or perianal regions. Lemierre's syndrome is a condition characterized by thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein and bacteremia caused by primarily anaerobic organisms, following a recent oropharyngeal infection. Although the literature about either of them is rich, there is no report about co-appearance of the two syndromes.

Perils and pitfalls regarding differential diagnosis and treatment of primary cutaneous anaplastic large-cell lymphoma.

Primary cutaneous anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (PC-ALCL), belonging to the CD30+ T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders (PCLPDs), is a rare T-cell lymphoma, presenting on the skin and characterized by very good prognosis and response to treatment in the majority of cases. Nevertheless, PC-ALCL must be distinguished from secondary skin lesions in systemic ALCL, which confer a poor prognosis, and other CD30+ PCLPDs, reactive conditions, or borderline cases. Given their rarity and heterogeneity, these entities represent diagnostic and therapeutic challenges, thus requiring a multidisciplinary approach and expertise to ensure appropriate diagnosis and management.

Aggressive systemic mastocytosis associated with mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis.

Background/aims/methods: Aggressive systemic mastocytosis (ASM) is a subtype of systemic mastocytosis, which comprises a heterogenous group of disorders characterized by infiltration of bone marrow, skin, liver, spleen, lymph nodes and gastrointestinal tract by neoplastic mast cells. There is lack of data on the association of ASM with renal involvement, as kidney is not among the known organs affected by ASM.

Results/conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of ASM associated with mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, without the presence of nephrotic syndrome.