Epidemiology of Hepatitis B in Saudi Arabia from 2006 to 2021.

Background: This study describes the epidemiological pattern of acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Saudi Arabia from 2006 to 2021. It explores case frequency and the crude incidence rate (CIR) by year of diagnosis, age group, region, gender, and nationality of patients.

Methods: Retrospective data on acute hepatitis B cases diagnosed across 20 regions of Saudi Arabia during January 2006 to December 2021 were obtained from the Saudi Ministry of Health's Statistical Yearbook.

LoRaWAN Performance Analysis for a Water Monitoring and Leakage Detection System in a Housing Complex.

The automation of water leakage detection and monitoring systems has recently been made possible by the Internet of Things (IoT). However, the high cost is an obstacle when applying a network over a large area. The Low-Power Wide-Area Network (LPWAN) was created specifically to address long-range IoT applications.