Fear of Missing Out Syndrome and its Impact on Sleep Quality in Medical Students: A Cross-sectional Study.

 Fear of missing out (FOMO) is a type of social anxiety defined as "intense concern that others may be experiencing rewarding experiences without one's presence," which can lead to illness. Excessive smartphone use is often associated with FOMO. This study aimed to investigate FOMO among medical university students, as well as factors associated with sleep quality, anxiety, depression, and excessive smartphone use.

Tongue size matters: revisiting the Mallampati classification system in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.

Objective: The Mallampati classification system has been used to predict obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Upper airway soft tissue structures are prone to fat deposition, and the tongue is the largest of these structures. Given that a higher Mallampati score is associated with a crowded oropharynx, we hypothesized that the Mallampati score is associated with tongue volume and an imbalance between tongue and mandible volumes.

Molecular characterization of nontuberculous Mycobacteria in a tuberculosis and HIV reference unit in the State of Amazonas, Brazil.

Background: In recent years, the prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infections has increased in different regions of the world. The American Thoracic Society (ATS) recommends standardized identification criteria, reinforcing the need for faster and less complicated clinical and laboratory techniques.

Methods: In this retrospective study, NTM species isolated from pulmonary, extrapulmonary, and disseminated samples from patients treated at a TB/HIV reference unit in the State of Amazonas from 2011 to 2014 were identified through a combination of molecular techniques.

Treatment with Apocynin Limits the Development of Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease in Mice.

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is the most serious complication limiting the clinical utility of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), in which lymphocytes of donors (graft) are activated in response to the host antigen. This disease is associated with increased inflammatory response through the release of inflammatory mediators such as cytokines, chemokines, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, we have evaluated the role of ROS in GVHD pathogenesis by treatment of recipient mice with apocynin (apo), an inhibitor of intracellular translocation of cytosolic components of NADPH oxidase complex.

ROCK Inhibition Drives Resolution of Acute Inflammation by Enhancing Neutrophil Apoptosis.

Uncontrolled inflammation leads to tissue damage and it is central for the development of chronic inflammatory diseases and autoimmunity. An acute inflammatory response is finely regulated by the action of anti-inflammatory and pro-resolutive mediators, culminating in the resolution of inflammation and restoration of homeostasis. There are few studies investigating intracellular signaling pathways associated with the resolution of inflammation.

Inhibition of the sphingosine-1-phosphate pathway promotes the resolution of neutrophilic inflammation.

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is an important sphingolipid derived from plasma membrane and has a known role in productive phase of inflammation, but its role in neutrophil survival and resolution phase of inflammation is unknown. Here, we investigated the effects of inhibition of S1P receptors and the blockade of S1P synthesis in BALB/c mice and human neutrophils. S1P and S1PR1-3 receptors expression were increased in cells from the pleural cavity stimulated with LPS.

Obesity hypoventilation syndrome: a current review.

Obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) is defined as the presence of obesity (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m²) and daytime arterial hypercapnia (PaCO2 ≥ 45 mmHg) in the absence of other causes of hypoventilation. OHS is often overlooked and confused with other conditions associated with hypoventilation, particularly COPD. The recognition of OHS is important because of its high prevalence and the fact that, if left untreated, it is associated with high morbidity and mortality.

Inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase alleviates graft-versus-host disease.

Leukotriene B (LTB), a proinflammatory mediator produced by the enzyme 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO), is associated with the development of many inflammatory diseases. In this study, we evaluated the participation of the 5-LO/LTB axis in graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) pathogenesis by transplanting 5-LO-deficient leukocytes and investigated the effect of pharmacologic 5-LO inhibition by zileuton and LTB inhibition by CP-105,696. Mice that received allogeneic transplant showed an increase in nuclear 5-LO expression in splenocytes, indicating enzyme activation after GVHD.

Induction of eosinophil apoptosis by hydrogen peroxide promotes the resolution of allergic inflammation.

Eosinophils are effector cells that have an important role in the pathogenesis of allergic disease. Defective removal of these cells likely leads to chronic inflammatory diseases such as asthma. Thus, there is great interest in understanding the mechanisms responsible for the elimination of eosinophils from inflammatory sites.

Switching off key signaling survival molecules to switch on the resolution of inflammation.

Inflammation is a physiological response of the immune system to injury or infection but may become chronic. In general, inflammation is self-limiting and resolves by activating a termination program named resolution of inflammation. It has been argued that unresolved inflammation may be the basis of a variety of chronic inflammatory diseases.