The general transcription factors (GTFs) of RNA polymerase II and their roles in plant development and stress responses.

In eukaryotes, general transcription factors (GTFs) enable recruitment of RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II) to core promoters to facilitate initiation of transcription. Extensive research in mammals and yeast has unveiled their significance in basal transcription as well as in diverse biological processes. Unlike mammals and yeast, plant GTFs exhibit remarkable degree of variability and flexibility.

TFIIB-Termination Factor Interaction Affects Termination of Transcription on Genome-Wide Scale.

Apart from its well-established role in the initiation of transcription, the general transcription factor TFIIB has been implicated in the termination step as well. The ubiquity of TFIIB involvement in termination as well as mechanistic details of its termination function, however, remain largely unexplored. Using GRO-seq analyses, we compared the terminator readthrough phenotype in the mutant (TFIIB) and the isogenic wild type (TFIIB) strains.

Genome-wide analysis of TFIIB's role in termination of transcription.

This study provides evidence that the role of TFIIB extends beyond initiation to include the termination step of transcription. Using GRO-seq analyses, we compared terminator readthrough phenotype in mutant (TFIIB ) and the isogenic wild type (TFIIB ) strains. Approximately 74% of genes analyzed exhibited a 2-3-fold increase in readthrough of the poly(A)-termination signal in the TFIIB mutant compared to TFIIB cells.

Genome-wide analysis of TFIIB's role in termination of transcription.

Apart from its well-established role in initiation of transcription, the general transcription factor TFIIB has been implicated in the termination step as well. The ubiquity of TFIIB involvement in termination as well as mechanistic details of its termination function, however, remains largely unexplored. To determine the prevalence of TFIIB's role in termination, we performed GRO-seq analyses in mutant (TFIIB ) and the isogenic wild type (TFIIB ) strains of yeast.

Ssu72: a versatile protein with functions in transcription and beyond.

Eukaryotic transcription is a complex process involving a vast network of protein and RNA factors that influence gene expression. The main player in transcription is the RNA polymerase that synthesizes the RNA from the DNA template. RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) transcribes all protein coding genes and some noncoding RNAs in eukaryotic cells.

Antipyretic activity of the hydro-alcoholic extract of L. as a standalone and as an adjuvant with barley water against yeast-induced pyrexia in albino Wistar rats.

Objectives: In Unani medicine, a comprehensive treatment plan has been delineated to deal with febrile illnesses using herbal drugs along with modified dietetics, which stands as a promising area of research. The present study was aimed at evaluating the antipyretic activity of the HAE of L. whole plant as a standalone and as an adjuvant with barley water in an animal model of pyrexia to validate the age-old Unani principle of the treatment.

Protein interaction network revealed by quantitative proteomic analysis links TFIIB to multiple aspects of the transcription cycle.

Although TFIIB is widely regarded as an initiation factor, recent reports have implicated it in multiple aspects of eukaryotic transcription. To investigate the broader role of TFIIB in transcription, we performed quantitative proteomic analysis of yeast TFIIB. We purified two different populations of TFIIB; one from soluble cell lysate, which is not engaged in transcription, and the other from the chromatin fraction which yields the transcriptionally active form of the protein.

Global Run-On sequencing to measure nascent transcription in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Global Run-On sequencing is a reliable and widely used approach for monitoring nascent transcription on a genomewide scale. The assay has been successfully used for studying global transcription in humans, plants, worms, flies, and fission yeast. Here we describe a GRO-seq protocol for studying transcription in budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

A Comprehensive Comparison of Clinical Presentation and Outcomes of Kidney Transplant Recipients with COVID-19 during Wave 1 versus Wave 2 at a Tertiary Care Center, India.

Data comparing the clinical spectrum of COVID-19 in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) during the first and second waves of the pandemic in India is limited. Our single-center retrospective study compared the clinical profile, mortality, and associated risk factors in KTRs with COVID-19 during the 1st wave (1 February 2020 to 31 January 2021) and the second wave (1 March-31 August 2021). 156 KTRs with PCR confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection treated at a tertiary care hospital in New Delhi during the 1st and the second waves were analyzed.

Mortality and Clinical Outcomes among Patients with COVID-19 and Diabetes.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a decisive risk factor for severe illness in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). India is home to a large number of people with DM, and many of them were infected with COVID-19. It is critical to understand the impact of DM on mortality and other clinical outcomes of COVID-19 infection from this region.

Beyond the canonical role of TFIIB in eukaryotic transcription.

The role of general transcription factor TFIIB in transcription extends well beyond its evolutionarily conserved function in initiation. Chromatin localization studies demonstrating binding of TFIIB to both the 5' and 3' ends of genes in a diverse set of eukaryotes strongly suggested a rather unexpected role of the factor in termination. TFIIB indeed plays a role in termination of transcription.

Proximity to the Promoter and Terminator Regions Regulates the Transcription Enhancement Potential of an Intron.

An evolutionarily conserved feature of introns is their ability to enhance expression of genes that harbor them. Introns have been shown to regulate gene expression at the transcription and post-transcription level. The general perception is that a promoter-proximal intron is most efficient in enhancing gene expression and the effect diminishes with the increase in distance from the promoter.

Validation of Unani concept of (drug substitution) by physicochemical standardization and hepatoprotective activity of Linn. and its substitute Rosc. in albino Wistar rats.

Objectives: To validate the concept of (drug substitution) by evaluation of physicochemical standardization and hepatoprotective activity of & its substitute, in albino Wistar rats.

Methods: Physicochemical standardization by estimation of moisture content, ash values and extractive values were carried out using standard methods. Hepatotoxicity was induced in albino Wistar rats using CCl 1 mL/kg s.

Critical Involvement of TFIIB in Viral Pathogenesis.

Viral infections and the harm they cause to their host are a perpetual threat to living organisms. Pathogenesis and subsequent spread of infection requires replication of the viral genome and expression of structural and non-structural proteins of the virus. Generally, viruses use transcription and translation machinery of the host cell to achieve this objective.

A termination-independent role of Rat1 in cotranscriptional splicing.

Rat1 is a 5'→3' exoribonuclease in budding yeast. It is a highly conserved protein with homologs being present in fission yeast, flies, worms, mice and humans. Rat1 and its human homolog Xrn2 have been implicated in multiple nuclear processes.

Gene Architecture Facilitates Intron-Mediated Enhancement of Transcription.

Introns impact several vital aspects of eukaryotic organisms like proteomic plasticity, genomic stability, stress response and gene expression. A role for introns in the regulation of gene expression at the level of transcription has been known for more than thirty years. The molecular basis underlying the phenomenon, however, is still not entirely clear.

Maternal mental health and its determinants - A community-based cross-sectional study in Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh.

Background: Maternal mental health problems are one of the major public health challenges. Globally, depression and anxiety cause immense suffering and disability among mothers who later contribute to compromise parenting practices and increased unmet needs of their newborn and young children.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and determinants of maternal common mental disorders (CMDs) among the study population.

Crosstalk of promoter and terminator during RNA polymerase II transcription cycle.

The transcription cycle of RNAPII is comprised of three consecutive steps; initiation, elongation and termination. It has been assumed that the initiation and termination steps occur in spatial isolation, essentially as independent events. A growing body of evidence, however, has challenged this dogma.

Safety of day-case endovascular interventions for peripheral arterial disease in a rural, underserved area.

Background: We aimed to investigate the safety of endovascular procedures undertaken in a single outpatient center located in a rural, underserved area. Endovascular procedures for Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) have become increasingly common in outpatient settings; their safety is yet to be determined in a rural, underserved area with no stand-by vascular surgeon on site.

Methods: We undertook a retrospective case review of endovascular procedures for the investigation and management of lower extremity PAD between December 2012 and August 2015.

(regimenal therapy): a core mode of Unani treatment.

Since antiquity, the Unani system of medicine has been participating in health care system. Usually, four modes of treatment viz. regimenal therapy, dietotherapy, pharmacotherapy and surgery are applied for the treatment of diseases.

RNA polymerase II plays an active role in the formation of gene loops through the Rpb4 subunit.

Gene loops are formed by the interaction of initiation and termination factors occupying the distal ends of a gene during transcription. RNAPII is believed to affect gene looping indirectly owing to its essential role in transcription. The results presented here, however, demonstrate a direct role of RNAPII in gene looping through the Rpb4 subunit.

Locomotor problems among rural elderly population in a District of Aligarh, North India.

Introduction: Locomotor functions decline with the age along with other physiological changes. This results in deterioration of the quality of life with decreased social and economic role in the society, as well as increased dependency, for the health care and other basic services. The demographic transition resulting in increased proportion of elderly may pose a burden to the health system.

Genomewide Analysis of Clp1 Function in Transcription in Budding Yeast.

In budding yeast, the 3' end processing of mRNA and the coupled termination of transcription by RNAPII requires the CF IA complex. We have earlier demonstrated a role for the Clp1 subunit of this complex in termination and promoter-associated transcription of CHA1. To assess the generality of the observed function of Clp1 in transcription, we tested the effect of Clp1 on transcription on a genomewide scale using the Global Run-On-Seq (GRO-Seq) approach.

A Community Based Study on Pelvic Inflammatory Disease in Postmenopausal Females: Microbiological Spectrum and Socio-Demographic Correlates.

Introduction: Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) is a common and serious complication of sexually transmitted diseases in young women but is rarely diagnosed in the postmenopausal women. Very few studies have been done regarding post-menopausal PID.

Aim: To determine the burden of PID, associated micro-organisms, pathophysiology and risk factors among post-menopausal women of the community.