Deep learning-based anomaly detection using one-dimensional convolutional neural networks (1D CNN) in machine centers (MCT) and computer numerical control (CNC) machines.

Computer numerical control (CNC) and machine center (MCT) machines are mechanical devices that manipulate different tools using computer programming as inputs. Predicting failures in CNC and MCT machines before their actual failure time is crucial to reduce maintenance costs and increase productivity. This study is centered around a novel deep learning-based model using a 1D convolutional neural network (CNN) for early fault detection in MCT machines.

The Potential of Cannabis in Managing Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Its Future Perspective.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract mainly categorized as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. The current management of IBD includes pharmacological, surgical, psychological, and complementary treatments, but cannabis effects are also becoming more popular as complementary therapies. Cannabinoids act on two G-protein coupled receptors, CB1 and CB2 located in the brain, enteric nervous system, gastrointestinal cells (epithelial cells), and immune cells.

Rapid Transition to Virtual Learning in Postgraduate Medical Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Tanzania: A Qualitative Study.

Background: The effect of the progressive utilization of virtual learning (VL) in postgraduate medical education (PGME) is contentious. During the COVID-19 pandemic, VL was up-scaled to bridge the education delivery gap. How this impacted learning experiences in PGME is an area that needs to be explored for the progressive context-specific application of VL.

Breast cancer molecular subtype classification according to immunohistochemistry markers and its association with pathological characteristics among women attending tertiary hospitals in Tanzania.

Background: Breast cancer immunohistochemistry is a biological characteristic of the tumour which has a role to diagnose molecular subtype, prognosticate and guide treatment and is categorised into 4 subtypes. Data in Tanzania was lacking and was based off data extrapolated from studies in Western Africa thus hypothesizing that women of African ancestry predominately develop Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC).

Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out at two tertiary referral hospitals on participants who were recruited from the cancer registries from 2015 to 2022.

Metaverse in Healthcare Integrated with Explainable AI and Blockchain: Enabling Immersiveness, Ensuring Trust, and Providing Patient Data Security.

Digitization and automation have always had an immense impact on healthcare. It embraces every new and advanced technology. Recently the world has witnessed the prominence of the metaverse which is an emerging technology in digital space.

Detection of COVID-19 in X-ray Images Using Densely Connected Squeeze Convolutional Neural Network (DCSCNN): Focusing on Interpretability and Explainability of the Black Box Model.

The novel coronavirus (COVID-19), which emerged as a pandemic, has engulfed so many lives and affected millions of people across the world since December 2019. Although this disease is under control nowadays, yet it is still affecting people in many countries. The traditional way of diagnosis is time taking, less efficient, and has a low rate of detection of this disease.

Diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography in adults with suspected acute appendicitis at the emergency department in a private tertiary hospital in Tanzania.

Introduction: The increasing incidence of acute appendicitis in sub-Saharan Africa emphasizes the need for accurate and reliable diagnostic tools. However, the variability in the diagnostic performance of computed tomography for suspected acute appendicitis coupled with comparatively higher negative appendectomy rates in this setting highlight a possible concern regarding the diagnostic accuracy. This study evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of a computed tomography scan for suspected acute appendicitis at the emergency department in Tanzania.

Evaluation of venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk assessment and thrombo-prophylaxis practices in hospitalized medical and surgical patients at Aga Khan Hospital Dar es Salaam: single-centre retrospective study.

Introduction: venous thromboembolism is a complication among admitted medical and surgical patients. International guidelines recommend patients are assessed upon admission and appropriate thromboprophylaxis should be initiated. However, studies have shown that thromboprophylaxis for patients at risk of venous thromboembolism is underutilized.

Actuator and Contact Force Modeling of an Active Soft Brace for Scoliosis.

Scoliosis is an abnormality of the spinal curvature that severely affects the musculoskeletal, respiratory, and nervous systems. Conventionally, it is treated using rigid spinal braces. These braces are static, rigid, and passive in nature, and they (largely) limit the mobility of the spine, resulting in other spinal complexities.

Penetrating injury with an arrow impacted in the neck in rural Tanzania, a case report.

Introduction And Importance: Penetrating neck injuries refer to neck injuries that penetrate through the platysma layer which can cause life-threatening injuries to the aerodigestive and neurovascular systems. Currently penetrating neck injuries are mainly due to modern firearms however penetrating neck injuries due to arrows are still seen, although rare, in rural areas among developing countries. Management depends on hemodynamic stability, signs of structural damage and zone of neck involved.

A case report of minimally invasive percutaneous ultrasound guided tuberculous iliopsoas abscess drainage in an immunocompromised patient.

Introduction And Importance: Iliopsoas abscess is a collection of pus that presents with nonspecific features with often delays in diagnosis however cause significant morbidity and mortality with Mycobacterium tuberculosis to be considered as causative agent in at risk individuals in tuberculous endemic regions. Management involves drainage and initiation of adequate antibiotics with radiological guided percutaneous approach considered the appropriate initial approach.

Case Presentation: 50-year-old immunosuppressed presenting with left iliopsoas abscess who underwent ultrasound guided drainage and placement of pigtail catheter successfully without the need for open surgical drainage.

Phytochemical-Based Nano-Pharmacotherapeutics for Management of Burn Wound Healing.

Medicinal plants have been used since ancient times for their various therapeutic activities and are safer compared to modern medicines, especially when properly identifying and preparing them and choosing an adequate dose administration. The phytochemical compounds present in plants are progressively yielding evidence in modern drug delivery systems by treating various diseases like cancers, coronary heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, inflammation, microbial, viral and parasitic infections, psychotic diseases, spasmodic conditions, ulcers, etc. The phytochemical requires a rational approach to deliver the compounds to enhance the efficacy and to improve patients' compatibility.

Systematic Review of Back-Support Exoskeletons and Soft Robotic Suits.

Lower back pain and musculoskeletal injuries are serious concerns for workers subjected to physical workload and manual material handling tasks. Spine assistive exoskeletons are being developed to support the spine and distribute the spine load. This article presents a detailed up-to-date review on the back support exoskeletons by discussing their type (Active/Passive), structure (Rigid/Soft), power transmission methods, weight, maximum assistive force, battery technologies, tasks (lifting, bending, stooping work), kinematic compatibility and other important features.

Perceptions of surgeons on surgical antibiotic prophylaxis use at an urban tertiary hospital in Tanzania.

Background: Surgical Site Infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality among operated patients. In spite of the accessibility of universal and national guidelines for surgical prophylaxis, recent studies surveying the present routine of prophylaxis have demonstrated overutilization of a wide range antibacterial medication for a single patient. Few studies have shown qualitatively factors influencing this and perceptions of surgeons on surgical antibiotic prophylaxis use.

Lipid Engineered Nanoparticle Therapy for Burn Wound Treatment.

Introduction: Skin is the largest organ of the human body protecting the underlying organs and tissues from any foreign attack. Any damage caused in the skin may sometimes result in serious consequences within the internal body tissues. Burn is one such issue that damages the layers of the skin and thereby making the skin vulnerable and prone to any foreign matter entering and causing serious diseases.

Postoperative subcutaneous emphysema following percutaneous nephrolithotomy: A rare complication.

Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is a common urological procedure performed for complicated upper urinary tract stones. The advantages of PCNL include lower morbidity and mortality rates and quicker recovery compared to traditional open surgery. A number of complications have been reported which can be life threatening.

Testicular torsion induced by epididymo-orchitis: A case report.

Introduction And Importance: Acute scrotum is considered a urological emergency requiring early intervention depending on the cause. There are multiple causes of acute scrotum with testicular torsion being the most feared as delayed treatment leads to testicular loss. However, differentiating between epididymo-orchitis and torsion can be very difficult.

GC-MS Analysis and Antioxidant Activity of Wrightia tinctoria R.Br. Leaf Extract.

Background: Wrightia tinctoria R.Br. (Apocyanaceae) is known as a biologically effective plant for the treatment of jaundice in the Indian traditional system of medicine.

GC-MS analysis of the methanolic extracts of and and their antioxidant activity.

L. (family Smilacaceae) and L. (family Salicaceae) are plants that have been traditionally used to treat various ailments in Indian and Chinese medicine.

Improvised vacuum assisted closure dressing for enterocutenous fistula, a case report.

Introduction: Management of enterocutaneous fistula is challenging with high morbidities and mortalities despite the recent advances in surgical technique. The bad outcomes are a result of associated metabolic complications. Vacuum-assisted closure dressing for the management of enterocutaneous fistula is a relatively new technique with benefit as a bridge to definitive surgery or definitive management in achieving spontaneous closure at a shorter time.

Spinal Deformities and Advancement in Corrective Orthoses.

Spinal deformity is an abnormality in the spinal curves and can seriously affect the activities of daily life. The conventional way to treat spinal deformities, such as scoliosis, kyphosis, and spondylolisthesis, is to use spinal orthoses (braces). Braces have been used for centuries to apply corrective forces to the spine to treat spinal deformities or to stabilize the spine during postoperative rehabilitation.

Inadvertent Stone Migration During Pneumatic Lithotripsy: Still a Conundrum in the 21st Century.

Currently, an ideal gadget to stop retrograde stone migration remains a holy grail, and the hunt for such a device is still ongoing in the 21st century. The quest for an ideal instrument is driven by the need to reduce cost, minimize ancillary procedure rates, reduce the device's operative time, and improve the stone-free rate. The purpose of the present review is to provide an update on the use of preventive measures that are used to stop retrograde stone migration during pneumatic lithotripsy for ureteric stone management.

Case Report: Sudden Splenic Rupture in a -Infected Patient.

Spontaneous splenic rupture is a rare and life-threatening complication of severe malaria. It demands particular attention since delayed or missed diagnosis can be potentially fatal. The exact incidence is unknown largely due to underreporting.

Identification and the potential involvement of miRNAs in the regulation of artemisinin biosynthesis in A. annua.

Micro RNAs (miRNAs) play crucial regulatory roles in multiple biological processes. Recently they have garnered the attention for their strong influence on the secondary metabolite production in plants. Their role in the regulation of artemisinin (ART) biosynthesis is, however, not fully elucidated.

Phytotherapeutic potential and pharmaceutical impact of (date palm): current research and future prospects.

(date palm) is a member of the genus belonging to family Arecaceae. It is widely cultivated for its edible fruits and kernels. Dates have been used for both dietary purposes as well as for their phytomedicinal impacts against the variety of diseases.