Migraine is a common primary headache disorder with both environmental and genetic inputs. Cumulative evidence indicates an association between vitamin D and headache. Unravelling the precise role of vitamin D and its receptor in the pathophysiology of migraine can eventually contribute to more efficient prevention and management of this headache disorder.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Providing care for older adults has been associated with the presence of depressive symptoms among their informal caregivers. Numerous caregivers and older adults' characteristics have been mentioned as predictors of caregivers' depression. However, studies dealing with the impact of older adults' frailty status on caregivers' depression are scarce.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health
October 2022
Background: Diabetes burnout is a condition when a patient with diabetes feels tired from his/her disease and neglects it for a certain period or continuously.
Objective: Diabetes burnout is frequent, and there is extended literature about psychosocial stress and its negative effects on health.
Methods: A search for relevant studies was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar and ResearchGate.
Introduction: Migraine is a complex disorder with genetic and environmental inputs. Cumulative evidence implicates oxidative stress (OS) in migraine pathophysiology while genetic variability may influence an individuals' oxidative/antioxidant capacity. Aim of the current study was to investigate the impact of eight common OS-related genetic variants [rs4880 (), rs1001179 (), rs1050450 (), rs1695 (), rs1138272 (), rs1799983 (), rs6721961 (), rs660339 ()] in migraine susceptibility and clinical features in a South-eastern European Caucasian population.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common metabolic disorder with various medical and psychological adverse effects. Well-being in patients with T2DM is often compromised. The aim of the present study was to investigate clinicodemographic predictors of well-being in patients with T2DM with no known psychiatric history and explore the mediatory role of undiagnosed anxiety and depression.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: During the last decades a considerable increase in biological and psychosocial approaches have occurred so as to enhance the study of prenatal period. This study aimed to investigate the validity and reliability of the Greek version of Pregnancy Outcome Questionnaire (POQ) in assessing pregnancy-related stress.
Material And Methods: The study group consisted of 135 first-time expectant women with good knowledge of the Greek language, low-risk pregnancies and a gestational age of ≥24 weeks.
Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetes. We investigated oxidative stress and nitrite/nitrate concentrations at baseline and during postprandial hyperglycaemia in 40 first-degree relatives (FDRs) of diabetic patients with normal oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results, 40 subjects with abnormal OGTT results (dysglycaemic) and 20 subjects with normal OGTT results (normoglycaemic). Malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyls (PCs), nitrite/nitrate plasma levels, the perfused boundary region (PBR—Glycocheck) of the sublingual microvessels, a marker of glycocalyx integrity, coronary flow reserve (CFR) and left ventricular global longitudinal strain (GLS) were assessed at 0 and 120 min of the OGTT.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAims/introduction: Several reports indicate an increasing prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Hyperglycemia and hypertension are the main risk factors for CKD development and progression. However, despite the achievement of recommended targets for blood glucose and blood pressure (BP), the residual risk of diabetic chronic kidney disease (DCKD) remains relatively high.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVitamin D deficiency or insufficiency is common in obese people, with some studies suggesting that low vitamin D level might be an independent predictor of obesity. Thus, the purpose of the present randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was to investigate the effect of oral spray vitamin D 3000 IU supplementation along with personalized weight-loss diet on obesity markers in overweight and obese Caucasians with vitamin d deficiency or insufficiency. The impact of vitamin D receptor (VDR) and adrenergic receptors (ADRs) genetic variants on vitamin D levels and weight loss diet outcomes was also investigated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF: The effects of gender differences on cardiac parameters have been well-established. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the possible associations of plasma levels of different sex hormones with premature atrial or ventricular contractions in premenopausal women. : We conducted a prospective study which included women in late reproductive age who presented with palpitations during an eight-month period.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCluster headache (CH) is a severe primary headache disorder with a genetic component, as indicated by family and twin studies. Diurnal and seasonal rhythmicity are key features of the disease and might be related to vitamin D, as low vitamin D levels have been observed in patients with cluster headache. In addition, the vitamin D receptor (VDR) occurs in brain areas and particularly in the hypothalamus.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF(1) Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the main cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD). In Greece, in a population from hospital-based diabetes clinics ( = 1759), the overall prevalence of diabetic chronic kidney disease (DCKD) was 45% including mild, moderate, and severe CKD. The aim of this study was to describe and analyze how T2DM patients with mild-to-severe CKD are managed by diabetologists in Greece and assess the achievement rates in glycemic, blood pressure and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) control.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRecent reports have demonstrated the association between type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and increased morbidity and mortality rates during coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection, setting a priority of these patients for vaccination. Impaired innate and adaptive immunity observed in T1DM seem to play a major role. Severe, life-threatening COVID-19 disease is characterized by the excessive release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, known as a "cytokine storm".
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHyperglycemia is a common manifestation in the course of severe disease and is the result of acute metabolic and hormonal changes associated with various factors such as trauma, stress, surgery, or infection. Numerous studies demonstrate the association of adverse clinical events with stress hyperglycemia. This article briefly describes the pathophysiological mechanisms which lead to hyperglycemia under stressful circumstances particularly in the pediatric and adolescent population.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChronic inflammation and increased oxidative stress are contributing factors to many non-communicable diseases. A growing body of evidence indicates that dietary nutrients can activate the immune system and may lead to the overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Fatty acids as macronutrients are key players for immunomodulation, with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids having the most beneficial effect, while polyphenols and carotenoids seem to be the most promising antioxidants.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAims: To report the results of the first national Health Examination Survey (HES) on the prevalence of diabetes, its pharmacologic treatment and level of control, as well as pre-diabetes in Greece.
Methods: Data were derived from the National Survey of Morbidity and Risk Factors (EMENO), in a randomly selected, representative sample of the adult Greek population. Sampling weights were applied to adjust for study design and post-stratification weights to match sample age/sex distribution to the population.
In recent decades there has been an alarming increase in the prevalence of obesity in patients with type 1 diabetes leading to the development of insulin resistance and cardiometabolic complications, with mechanisms poorly clarified. While bariatric surgery has long been considered an effective treatment option for patients with type 2 diabetes, the evidence regarding its benefits on weight loss and the prevention of complications in T1DM patients is scarce, with controversial outcomes. Bariatric surgery has been associated with a significant reduction in daily insulin requirement, along with a considerable reduction in body mass index, results which were sustained in the long term.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Matern Fetal Neonatal Med
July 2022
A significant proportion of pregnancies are complicated by diabetes mellitus. Most of them concern women with gestational diabetes mellitus, while proportionally are presented with preexisting DM 1 and DM 2. Metabolic derangements of the diabetic syndrome are likely to generate serious complications for both the mother and the fetus with a significant impact on their later health.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAims: To examine the prevalence of diabetic chronic kidney disease (DCKD) and its risk factors in adult Greek subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a population from hospital-based diabetes clinics.
Methods: This is a cross-sectional multicentre study based on data collected from Greek hospital-based diabetes clinics from June 2015 to March 2016. DCKD severity was defined according to the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) 2012 guidelines.
Recent reports have shown a strong association between obesity and the severity of COVID-19 infection, even in the absence of other comorbidities. After infecting the host cells, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may cause a hyperinflammatory reaction through the excessive release of cytokines, a condition known as "cytokine storm," while inducing lymphopenia and a disrupted immune response. Obesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation and immune dysregulation, but the exact mechanisms through which it exacerbates COVID-19 infection are not fully clarified.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Anaemia is a common finding in diabetes, particularly in those patients with albuminuria or renal dysfunction and is associated with impaired erythropoietin (EPO) secretion. This review focuses on mechanisms involved in the regulation of erythropoiesis in diabetic patients in an effort to elucidate the competing effects of the renin angiotensin system (RAS) blockade and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors on haemoglobin concentration and hematocrit values.
Summary: The RAS shows significant activation in diabetic subjects.