Endovenous thermal ablation mid-term outcomes for the treatment of large diameter incompetent great saphenous veins.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of endovenous thermal ablation (EVTA) in treating large diameter, ≥12 mm, incompetent great saphenous vein (GSV) in comparison to smaller ones.

Methods: A retrospective comparative study was undertaken including 196 patients (205 limbs) undergoing EVTA. According to maximum GSV diameter patients were divided into two groups (group A <12 mm, group B ≥12 mm).

Carotid Plaque Vulnerability Diagnosis by CTA versus MRA: A Systematic Review.

Stenosis grade of the carotid arteries has been the primary indicator for risk stratification and surgical treatment of carotid artery disease. Certain characteristics of the carotid plaque render it vulnerable and have been associated with increased plaque rupture rates. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) have been shown to detect these characteristics to a different degree.

Changes in the incidence of breast cancer due to the use of radioactive materials for warfare or nuclear and environmental accidents over the last 60 years in Europe and Asia.

This article investigates the possibility and the extent of breast cancer rates being higher in European and Asian countries that have been damaged by warfare or nuclear accidents and the use of chemical weapons in relation to the rest of the countries in those two continents. After a literature review, although there are gaps in the local reports of the responsible bodies as well as many economic, geopolitical, cultural and time constraints, the rates of breast cancer incidence and mortality of the citizens of those areas are significant and have been increasing over time, especially in people of older ages, who were exposed to various disease factors at each specific period of time.