Evaluating newly approved drugs in combination regimens for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis with fluoroquinolone resistance (endTB-Q): study protocol for a multi-country randomized controlled trial.

Background: Treatment for fluoroquinolone-resistant multidrug-resistant/rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (pre-XDR TB) often lasts longer than treatment for less resistant strains, yields worse efficacy results, and causes substantial toxicity. The newer anti-tuberculosis drugs, bedaquiline and delamanid, and repurposed drugs clofazimine and linezolid, show great promise for combination in shorter, less-toxic, and effective regimens. To date, there has been no randomized, internally and concurrently controlled trial of a shorter, all-oral regimen comprising these newer and repurposed drugs sufficiently powered to produce results for pre-XDR TB patients.

Evaluating newly approved drugs for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (endTB): study protocol for an adaptive, multi-country randomized controlled trial.

Background: Treatment of multidrug- and rifampin-resistant tuberculosis (MDR/RR-TB) is expensive, labour-intensive, and associated with substantial adverse events and poor outcomes. While most MDR/RR-TB patients do not receive treatment, many who do are treated for 18 months or more. A shorter all-oral regimen is currently recommended for only a sub-set of MDR/RR-TB.

Multicenter randomized phase II study comparing docetaxel plus curcumin versus docetaxel plus placebo in first-line treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Background: Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients have a poor prognosis, and curcumin is known to have antineoplastic properties. On the basis of previous phase I and phase II studies, we investigated whether the association of curcumin with docetaxel could improve prognosis among mCRPC patients.

Methods: A total of 50 mCRPC patients (included from June 2014 to July 2016) treated with docetaxel in association with oral curcumin (6 g/d for 7 days every 3 weeks) versus placebo were included in this double-blind, randomized, phase II study.

The New Combination Docetaxel, Prednisone and Curcumin in Patients with Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: A Pilot Phase II Study.

Objectives: Favorable phase I results justified this pilot phase II study to assess the efficacy of docetaxel/curcumin in patients with chemotherapy-naive metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).

Methods: Thirty patients with progressing CRPC and a rising prostate-specific antigen (PSA) received docetaxel/prednisone in standard conditions for 6 cycles in combination with per os curcumin, 6,000 mg/day (day -4 to day +2 of docetaxel). The co-primary endpoint was the overall response rate determined by PSA and target assessments.

Autoantibodies interacting with purified native thyrotropin receptor.

Native thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) was purified by immunoaffinity chromatography from membrane extracts of stably transfected L cells. An ELISA test was devised to study anti-TSHR autoantibodies directly. Comparison of native TSHR with bacterially expressed, denatured TSHR showed that the latter was not recognized by the autoantibodies, suggesting that they bind to conformational epitopes only present on the native receptor.

Gonadotropin receptors and the control of gonadal steroidogenesis: physiology and pathology.

Over the past few years, knowledge of the structure of gonadotropin receptors and their mode of action has rapidly advanced. The cDNA corresponding to the luteinizeng hormone (LH) receptor (LHR) has been cloned, leading to the identification of a novel family of G-protein-coupled receptors. The follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) receptor (FSHR) was thereafter cloned by cross-hybridization with the LHR.

[Role of testicular biopsy in the investigation of a carcinoma in situ].

Carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the testis is recognized to be a precursor of cancer. Radiological examinations are not sufficient to improve the diagnosis. So the diagnosis is made by testicular biopsy.

[Diagnostic difficulties and value of partial surgery in multiple tumors of the kidney. Apropos of 4 cases].

Multiple renal tumors are rare. Ultrasonic and CT scan examinations will suspect the diagnosis in the majority of cases. With the histological diagnosis and its prognosis, the treatment may be watchful waiting, partial nephrectomy or radical nephrectomy.

[Orchidectomy in testicular cancer. Variant techniques and tactics].

Exploratory orchidotomy, generally leading to orchidectomy, is the first procedure performed whenever testicular cancer is suspected. The techniques and indications for wide orchidectomy have advanced since the time of Chevassu: radical orchidectomy with lymph node dissection via an inguinoiliolumbar incision is no longer performed, value of wide orchidectomy associated with radiotherapy or chemotherapy, place of enucleations in the case of solitary testis or synchronous bilateral lesions, and deferred orchidectomy after chemotherapy. The various techniques are reviewed and their indications are discussed.

[Acute pyelo-ureteral obstruction by an intrasinusal intra- and para-pyelic cyst. Apropos of 3 cases].

Parapyelic cysts are not uncommon. There is usually no clinical expression of these cysts although development within the sinus can cause obstruction leading to acute nephretic colic. We observed two cases of intrasinus parapyelic cysts and another case of obstructive intrapyelic cyst.

Structure of the human luteinizing hormone-choriogonadotropin receptor gene: unusual promoter and 5' non-coding regions.

The complete organization of the human luteinizing hormone-choriogonadotropin (LH/CG) receptor (LH/CGR) gene and the structure of 1591 bp of its 5' flanking region have been determined. This gene spans over 70 kbp and contains 11 exons. The first ten exons and part of the last exon encode the extracellular domain of the receptor while the transmembrane and intracellular domains are encoded by the remaining part of the last exon.

[Pituitary glycoprotein hormone receptors].

Monoclonal antibodies have been raised against the porcine LH receptor and have allowed to clone the corresponding messenger RNA from testicular cells. The stricture of the LH receptor has been determined. It shows similarities but also differences with other G protein coupled receptors.

[LH receptors. A new family of G-protein receptors].

Monoclonal antibodies have been raised against porcine LH receptor and allowed to clone the corresponding messenger RNA from testicular cells. The structure of the LH receptor have been determined. It shows similarities but also differences to other G protein coupled receptors.

The chromosomal localization of the human follicle-stimulating hormone receptor gene (FSHR) on 2p21-p16 is similar to that of the luteinizing hormone receptor gene.

Two cDNA probes (5' and 3' region) corresponding to the human follicle-stimulating hormone receptor gene (FSHR) were used for chromosomal localization by in situ hybridization. The localization obtained on chromosome 2p21-p16 is similar to that of the luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin (LH/CG) receptor gene.

[LH and TSH receptors. A new family of G protein-coupled receptors].

Monoclonal antibodies have been raised against porcine LH receptor and allowed to clone the corresponding messenger RNA from testicular cells. Cross hybridisation with the LH receptor clone allowed to isolate a clone corresponding to the human TSH receptor from thyroids. The structure of both receptors have been determined.

Origin of the high constitutive level of progesterone receptor in T47-D breast cancer cells.

The T47-D breast cancer cell line constitutively expresses high levels of progesterone receptor (PR). This does not appear to be related to an anomaly in the estrogen receptor (ER) as shown by cloning of the ER cDNA from T47-D cells and its insertion into the expression vector pKSV-10. When transfected into heterologous Cos-7 and L cells this receptor exerts a normal biological activity, stimulating the transcription of a reporter gene only in the presence of estrogen.

Assignment of the human thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) gene to chromosome 14q31.

In situ hybridization experiments on human chromosomes were performed using probes corresponding to the 5' and 3' parts of human TSHR cDNA. Both probes allowed a regional localization on chromosome 14q31.

Human placental protein 14 gene: sequence and characterization of a short duplication.

Differential hybridization of cDNAs corresponding to mRNAs expressed in the human endometrium during the secretory phase or during the first trimester of pregnancy, but not during the proliferative phase, allowed us to isolate and characterize cDNAs encoding human placental protein 14 (PP14). The cDNA was used to isolate the PP14 gene from a human genomic library. The entire gene encompasses 5.

Cloning, sequencing and expression of human TSH receptor.

Complementary cDNA clones encoding the TSH (thyroid stimulatory hormone) receptor were isolated from a human thyroid lambda gt10 library using Iow stringency hybridization with LH/hCG (luteinizing hormone-human choriogonadotropic hormone) receptor probes. Sequencing of the clones showed a 764 amino acid open reading frame. The first 21 amino acids probably correspond to a signal peptide, the mature protein thus contains 743 amino acids (calculated molecular weight: 84,501 daltons).

Localization of the human luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor gene (LHCGR) to chromosome 2p21.

Probes corresponding to human and porcine LH (luteinizing hormone) receptor cDNA were used for in situ hybridization to human chromosomes. This allowed us to assign the LH receptor gene to chromosome 2p21.

Structural and functional studies of mammalian progesterone receptors.

During the past years there has been an improvement in our understanding of the molecular mechanism of action of the progesterone receptor (PR). This was due to the obtention of monoclonal antibodies against PR which allowed the first structural analyses and led to the cloning of the genes.