The role of bronchial challenge test in guiding therapy in preschool children with atypical recurrent respiratory symptoms.

Objective: This retrospective observational cohort study aimed to assess the real-life application of bronchial challenge test (BCT) in the management of preschool children presenting with atypical recurrent respiratory symptoms (ARRS).

Methods: We included children aged 0.5-6 years referred to a pediatric-pulmonology clinic who underwent BCT using methacholine or adenosine between 2012 and 2018 due to ARRS.

NFκB pathway dysregulation due to reduced RelB expression leads to severe autoimmune disorders and declining immunity.

Background: Genetic aberrations in the NFκB pathway lead to primary immunodeficiencies with various degrees of severity. We previously demonstrated that complete ablation of the RelB transcription factor, a key component of the alternative pathway, results in an early manifested combined immunodeficiency requiring stem cell transplantation.

Objective: To study the molecular basis of a progressive severe autoimmunity and immunodeficiency in three patients.

Can bronchial challenge test with adenosine or methacholine at preschool age predict school-age asthma?

Objective: Bronchial challenge test (BCT) measures current airways-hyperreactivity, however, its predictive role in pre-school children (<6 years) for the diagnosis of asthma at school age is still debatable. We aimed to find whether preschool children with a positive adenosine or methacholine BCT are more prone to asthma at school age.

Methods: We included children aged 6-13 years with respiratory symptoms that were previously referred to our pulmonary function laboratory for BCT (methacholine or adenosine, depending on the question asked) at age 10 months to 6 years (baseline).

Evaluation of clinically and physiologically atypical asthma: If it doesn't wheeze it may still be asthma.

Objective: Children with asthma-like symptoms may not clinically wheeze. The objectives of this study were to evaluate if children, without physician-documented wheeze, wheeze during bronchial-challenge-testing (BCT), and if measurements of OSat and respiratory rate during BCT improve the BCT sensitivity?

Methods: Seven hundred and twenty-four children, who were referred for suspicion of asthma, performed a BCT. Positive BCT was determined by the provocation concentration (PC) which resulted in a 20% decrease in FEV (PC), (in those who were able to perform spirometry, group B), or (in those unable to perform spirometry, group A) a 50% increase in respiratory rate (PC), or a 5% decrease in oxygen-saturation (PC) or appearance of wheezing (PC).

Asthma-predictive-index, bronchial-challenge, sputum eosinophils in acutely wheezing preschoolers.

Background: Most preschoolers with viral wheezing exacerbations are not atopic.

Aim: To test in a prospective controlled trial whether wheezing preschoolers presenting to the ED are different from the above in three different domains defining asthma: the atopic characteristics based on stringent asthma predictive index (S-API), the characteristics of bronchial hyper-responsiveness (BHR), and airway inflammation.

Methods: The S-API was prospectively collected in 41 preschoolers (age 31.

Hypertonic saline and acute wheezing in preschool children.

Background: Most acute wheezing episodes in preschool children are associated with rhinovirus. Rhinovirus decreases extracellular adenosine triphosphate levels, leading to airway surface liquid dehydration. This, along with submucosal edema, mucus plaques, and inflammation, causes failure of mucus clearance.

Primary mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the trachea in a child.

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the trachea is a rare tumour, especially in the paediatric population. We report the case of a 9-year-old boy with mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the trachea that was preoperatively diagnosed as an intraluminal polypoid mass arising from the trachea and extending into the right main bronchus. A complete resection of the tumour with reconstruction and end-to-end anastomosis of the trachea was performed.

[Evaluation of asthmatic children presenting at the emergency room at Barzilai Hospital].

Bronchial asthma in the pediatric age group has become prevalent recently. Many children who suffer from asthma arrive at the emergency room (ER) with exacerbations which did not respond to medical treatment at home. Between July and December 1997, 136 children 8 months to 14 years of age (61% below 3 years), were studied in our pediatric ER.

The prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux in children with tracheomalacia and laryngomalacia.

Objective: We conducted a retrospective study to determine the relationship between gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and large airways malacia in infancy.

Methods: One hundred sixteen children referred for chronic respiratory problems who were between the ages of 3 and 28 months were investigated. All of them underwent flexible bronchoscopy and chest radiography.