Dynamics of parkinsonian oscillations mediated by transmission delays in a mean-field model of the basal ganglia.

Introduction: Neural interactions in the brain are affected by transmission delays which may critically alter signal propagation across different brain regions in both normal and pathological conditions. The effect of interaction delays on the dynamics of the generic neural networks has been extensively studied by theoretical and computational models. However, the role of transmission delays in the development of pathological oscillatory dynamics in the basal ganglia (BG) in Parkinson's disease (PD) is overlooked.

Electrical and Heat Distributions and Their Influence on the Mass Transfer during the Flash Spark Plasma Sintering of a Cu/Cr Nanocomposite: Experiments and Numerical Simulation.

The nanocomposite Cu-Cr powder was consolidated by flash spark plasma sintering (FSPS), which involves applying an extremely rapid change in the electrical power passing through the bulk of the sample. It was demonstrated that an essentially fully dense material could be obtained in 15 s. Such short-term treatment typically preserves the nanostructured features of the material.

Inhibitory Spike-Timing-Dependent Plasticity Can Account for Pathological Strengthening of Pallido-Subthalamic Synapses in Parkinson's Disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative brain disorder associated with dysfunction of the basal ganglia (BG) circuitry. Dopamine (DA) depletion in experimental PD models leads to the pathological strengthening of pallido-subthalamic synaptic connections, contributing to the emergence of abnormally synchronized neuronal activity in the external segment of the globus pallidus (GPe) and subthalamic nucleus (STN). Augmented GPe-STN transmission following loss of DA was attributed to heterosynaptic plasticity mechanisms induced by cortico-subthalamic inputs.

The Origin of Abnormal Beta Oscillations in the Parkinsonian Corticobasal Ganglia Circuits.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative brain disorder associated with motor and nonmotor symptoms. Exaggerated beta band (15-30 Hz) neuronal oscillations are widely observed in corticobasal ganglia (BG) circuits during parkinsonism. Abnormal beta oscillations have been linked to motor symptoms of PD, but their exact relationship is poorly understood.

Effect of evening primrose oil on postoperative pain after appendectomy: A double-blind, randomized, clinical trial.

Background And Objective: Despite advances in surgical techniques and pharmacology, postoperative pain remains a common problem after appendectomy, and its management continues to be suboptimal. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of evening primrose oil on the reduction of postoperative pain after appendectomy.

Materials And Methods: In a double-blind, randomized, clinical trial, a total of 80 adults patients with acute appendicitis who were undergoing appendectomy at the Shahid Beheshti Emdad Hospital in Sabzevar, were included.

Comparison of venom from wild and long-term captive and the neutralization capacity of antivenom produced in rabbits immunized with captive venom.

(NIKOLSKY, 1916) is a member of the Viperidae family in Iran. Comprehensive understanding of the toxigenic characteristics of snake venom is important for clinical monitoring of snakebite patients and effective therapy. We compared the toxic activities of venoms and the neutralization capacity of antivenoms produced with venoms from wild adult (WA) with long-term captive adult (LCA) of in order to obtain more effective antivenom from LCA in therapy, and subsequently protect from overharvesting for its venom, which poses a real threat of extinction for the species.

Corrigendum to "The Impact of Saffron on Symptoms of Withdrawal Syndrome in Patients Undergoing Maintenance Treatment for Opioid Addiction in Sabzevar Parish in 2017".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2017/1079132.].

Evolutionary history and postglacial colonization of an Asian pit viper (Gloydius halys caucasicus) into Transcaucasia revealed by phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses.

It has been generally acknowledged that glacial climates at the time of the Pleistocene altered the patterns of species distributions, prompting latitudinal and altitudinal distribution shifts in several species, including poikilothermic species commonly known for their thermal sensitivity. However, the historical phylogeographic patterns of such species have remained largely unknown. Here, we present the historical biogeographic, phylogenetic, and phylogeographic relationships of the Caucasian pit viper, G.

Conservation Below the Species Level: Suitable Evolutionarily Significant Units among Mountain Vipers (the Montivipera raddei complex) in Iran.

Northern and western mountains of Iran are among the most important biodiversity and endemism hot spots for reptiles in the Middle East. Among herpetofauna, the montivipers represent an emblematic and fragmented endemic group for which estimating their level of genetic differentiation and defining conservation priorities is urgently needed. Here, we present the most comprehensive phylogenetic study on the Montivipera raddei species group comprising all 5 known taxa, among which 3 are endemic to Iran.

The Impact of Saffron on Symptoms of Withdrawal Syndrome in Patients Undergoing Maintenance Treatment for Opioid Addiction in Sabzevar Parish in 2017.

Background And Objective: Drug dependence is one of the serious problems around the world. Saffron is one of those beneficial medicinal plants which is embedded with a similar mechanism to methadone (e.g.