A district-level vulnerability assessment of next COVID-19 variant (Omicron BA.2) in Uttarakhand using quantitative SWOT analysis.

COVID-19 has had an impact on the entire humankind and has been proved to spread in deadly waves. As a result, preparedness and planning are required to better deal with the epidemic's upcoming waves. Effective planning, on the other hand, necessitates detailed vulnerability assessments at all levels, from the national to the state or regional.

A GIS-based novel approach for suitable sanitary landfill site selection using integrated fuzzy analytic hierarchy process and machine learning algorithms.

Disposal of waste without treatment is the least preferable way of sustainable solid waste management (SWM). But most cities in developing nations still use open dumps, causing negative impacts on the environment and human health. This study offered a novel approach for selecting landfill sites and sustainable SWM in Aligarh city, India.

Chemical constituents from the seed husks of L.

L. (Family Poaceae) is cultivated in tropical regions as a staple food all over the world. The rice grain husk is considered as a tonic and administered orally to relieve dysentery.

4-Chlorothymol Exerts Antiplasmodial Activity Impeding Redox Defense System in .

Malaria remains one of the major health concerns due to the resistance of species toward the existing drugs warranting an urgent need for new antimalarials. Thymol derivatives were known to exhibit enhanced antimicrobial activities; however, no reports were found against spp. In the present study, the antiplasmodial activity of thymol derivatives was evaluated against chloroquine-sensitive (NF-54) and -resistant (K1) strains of .

Detection of Natural Inhibitors against Human Liver Cancer Cell Lines through QSAR, Molecular Docking and ADMET Studies.

Background: Liver cancer is ranked as the fifth most prevalent and third most lethal cancer worldwide. The incidence rates of this cancer are on the rise, and only limited treatment options are available.

Methods: To identify and optimize the inhibitors of liver cancer cell-lines, a QSAR model was developed by using multiple linear regression methods.

Sanitary landfill site selection by integrating AHP and FTOPSIS with GIS: a case study of Memari Municipality, India.

Sanitary landfill is still considered as one of the most significant and least expensive methods of waste disposal. It is essential to consider environmental impacts while selecting a suitable landfill site. Thus, the site selection for sanitary landfill is a complex and time-consuming task needing an assessment of multiple criteria.

New Chemical Constituents from the Bark of Leveille and their Evaluation of Antioxidant Activities.

Four new constituents, as c-6-oxogeran-4-enyl-10-oxy--β-arabinopyranosyl-4'--β-arabinopyranosyl-2''-octadec-9''',12''',15'''-trienoate (), geran-3(10)-enyl-1-oxy--β-arabinopyranosyl-4'--β-arabinopyranosyl-2''-octadec-9''',12''',15'''-trienoate (), geranilan-8-oxy---d-xylopyranosyl-2'--octadec-9'',12'',15''-trienoate (), 1-cyclohex-2', 5'-dienyl 1-cyclohexylethanol--β-d-xylopyranoside (), along with six known constituents, guaiacol--β-d-arabinopyaranoside (), -tetradecanyl oleate (), oleyl-β-d-xyloside (), -octadec-9,12-dienoyl--β-d-arabinopyranoside (), linolenyl--β-d-arabinofuranoside () andglyceryl-1,3-dipalmito-2-olein (), were isolated and identified from the bark. The new structures were established by one-and two-dimensional NMR (and in combination with IR, FAB-MSand HR-ESI-FTMS. The comparative evaluation of antioxidant potential by phosphomolybdenum, DPPH, FRAP and the NO assay of four different compounds (-), we have found that the compounds 1 and 2 have power as a natural antioxidant, whereas the compound and exhibited mild activity in comparison to compounds and .

New chemical constituent from the stem of Roxb. and its biological activities.

Chemical investigations on the stem of Roxb. (Convolvulaceae) led to the isolation of one new compound characterised as 3',4'-dimethoxy-1-phenyl-1α, 2-ethanediol (), along with eight known compounds as tridecanyl palmitate, palmitic acid, n-pentatriacontane, -triacont-21, 27-dien-1-ol, kaempherol, chlorogenic acid, 5,7-dimethoxyapigenin and quercitin. The chemical structures were established with the help of physical, chemical and spectroscopic methods.

Contribution of momilactones A and B to diabetes inhibitory potential of rice bran: Evidence from in vitro assays.

This study was the first to detect the presence of the two compounds momilactone A (MA) and momilactone B (MB) in rice bran using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS). By in vitro assays, both MA and MB exhibited potent inhibitory activities on pancreatic α-amylase and α-glucosidase which were significantly higher than γ-oryzanol, a well-known diabetes inhibitor. Remarkably, MA and MB indicated an effective inhibition on trypsin with the IC values of 921.

Isolation and Purification of Bioactive Compounds from the Stem Bark of .

This paper reports the successive isolation and purification of bioactive compounds from the stem bark of , a widely known medicinal plant. The ethyl acetate extract of the stem bark exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity assessed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays (IC = 46.7, 66.

Anti-ageing and anti-Parkinsonian effects of natural flavonol, tambulin from Zanthoxyllum aramatum promotes longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Ageing is a progressive deterioration in functional and structural well-being of the body, accompanied with age-associated neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease. PD is marked with motor function decline, progressive neurodegeneration due to aggregation of insoluble α-synuclein in the dopaminergic neuron. Here we investigated the effect of tambulin (3,5-dihydroxy-7,8-dimethoxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl) chromen-4-one), a hydroxy substituted flavanol isolated from fruits of Zanthoxyllum armatum DC (Family-Rutaceae) for its longevity promoting and neuromodulatory activities using Caenorhabditis elegans model system.

Momilactones A and B Are α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase Inhibitors.

Momilactones A (MA) and B (MB) are the active phytoalexins and allelochemicals in rice. In this study, MA and MB were purified from rice husk of cv. Koshihikari by column chromatography, and purification was confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS), and ¹H and C nuclear magnetic resonance analyses.

Comparative extraction and simple isolation improvement techniques of active constituents' momilactone A and B from rice husks of by HPLC analysis and column chromatography.

This paper reports comparative extraction efficiencies and enhancement methods for natural herbicidal (growth inhibitors) compounds, momilactone A and B, respectively from the dried husks of using different extraction techniques and different solvent systems. Four different extraction techniques . percolation, agitation with heat, sonication and soxhlet using five solvent systems as ethyl acetate, acetone, acetonitrile, methanol and methanol:water (8:2) were evaluated.

Analysis of Selected Phenolic Compounds in Organic, Pesticide-Free, Conventional Rice ( L.) Using LC-ESI-MS/MS.

Rice ( L.) contains generous amounts of carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, and dietary fibers, in addition to secondary metabolites such as phenols and flavonoids that act as antioxidants. The phenolic compounds detected in rice (organic rice (OR), conventional rice (CR), and pesticide-free rice (PFR)), namely, protocatechuic, gentisic, -hydroxybenzoic, -coumaric, ferulic, salicylic, and caffeic acids, are notable free radical scavengers.

Synthesis of eugenol derivatives and its anti-inflammatory activity against skin inflammation.

Eugenol is a phytochemical present in aromatic plants has generated considerable interest in the pharmaceutical industries mainly in cosmetics. A series of eugenol esters (ST1-ST7) and chloro eugenol () have been synthesized. The structures of newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by H and C NMR and mass spectrometry.

Changes in Soybean ( L.) Flour Fatty-Acid Content Based on Storage Temperature and Duration.

Soybeans are low in saturated fat and a rich source of protein, dietary fiber, and isoflavone; however, their nutritional shelf life is yet to be established. This study evaluated the change in the stability and quality of fatty acids in raw and roasted soybean flour under different storage temperatures and durations. In both types of soybean flour, the fatty-acid content was the highest in the order of linoleic acid (18-carbon chain with two double bonds; C18:2), oleic acid (C18:1), palmitic acid (C16:0), linolenic acid (18:3), and stearic acid (C18:0), which represented 47%, 26%, 12%, 9%, and 4% of the total fatty-acid content, respectively.

Standardization and xanthine oxidase inhibitory potential of Zanthoxylum armatum fruits.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Tejovati (Zanthoxylum armatum DC; Family- Rutaceae) popularly known as toothache tree is widely distributed in sub-tropical Himalaya region. Traditionally, The Southeast Asian population of Indo-Nepal origin uses it to treat asthma, gout, pain, and inflammation. The Ayurvedic action of the plant includes the balancing of Vata-Kapha in the body.

Characterization of New Polyphenolic Glycosidic Constituents and Evaluation of Cytotoxicity on a Macrophage Cell Line and Allelopathic Activities of .

Four new constituents, as 5, 7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavonol-3---d-arabinopyranosyl-(2''→1''')---d-arabinopyrnosyl-2'''--3'''', 7''''-dimethylnonan-1''''-oate (), 5-hydroxy-7, 4'-dimethoxyflavone-5---d-arabinopyranosyl-(2"→1''')---d-arabinopyranosyl-2'''--3'''', 7''''-dimethylnonan-1''''-oate (), 5-hydroxy-7, 4'-dimethoxyflavone-5---d-arabinofuranosyl-(2"→1''')---d-arabinopyranosyl-2'''--lanost-5-ene () and 4',4''-diferuloxy feruloyl---d-arabinopyranosyl-(2a→1b)---d-arabinopyranosyl-(2b→1c)---d-arabinopyranosyl-(2c→1d)---d-arabinopyranosyl-(2d→1e)---d-arabinopyranosyl-2e-3''', 7'''-dimethylnonan-1'''-oate (), along with three known compounds (⁻) were isolated from leaves and straw. The structures of new and known compounds were elucidated by 1D (¹H and C NMR) and 2D NMR spectral methods, : COSY, HMBC, and HSQC aided by mass techniques and IR spectroscopy. The cytotoxicity of these constituents was assessed by using (RAW 264.

Flavonoid glycosides from leaves and straw of and their effects of cytotoxicity on a macrophage cell line and allelopathic on weed germination.

Five new flavonoids namely, 5-hydroxy-6-isoprenyl-7,4'-dimethoxyflavonol-3---d-arabinofuranoside (), 5,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone-7---d-arabinopyranosyl-2''--decan-1'''-oate (), 3-butanoyl-5,6,8-trihydroxy-7,4'-dimethoxyflavonol--5---d-glucopyranoside (), 7, 4'-dimethoxy-5-hydroxyflavone-5---d-arabinopyranosyl-(2'' → 1''')---d-arabinopyranoside (), and 5,6-dihydroxy-7, 4'-dimethoxyflavone-5---d-glucopyranoside (), together with two known compounds, were isolated from the methanol extract of leaves and straw. Their structures of new compounds were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR spectral methods, viz: COSY, HMBC and HSQC aided by mass techniques and IR spectroscopy. The cytotoxicity of these compounds (- were assessed by using (RAW 264.

Weed Suppressing Potential and Isolation of Potent Plant Growth Inhibitors from Castanea crenata Sieb. et Zucc.

This study isolated, determined, and quantified plant growth inhibitors in Japanese chestnut ( Sieb. et Zucc), a deciduous species native to Japan and Korea. In laboratory assays, leaves showed strong inhibition on germination and seedling growth of (barnyardgrass), (lettuce), and (radish).

New chemical constituents from the fruits of Zanthoxylum armatum and its in vitro anti-inflammatory profile.

Chemical investigations on the fruits of Zanthoxylum armatum Roxb. (Rutaceae) led to the isolation of two new constituents characterised as 2α-methyl-2β-ethylene-3β-isopropyl-cyclohexan-1β, 3α-diol (1) and phenol-O-β-D-arabinopyranosyl-4'-(3″, 7″, 11″, 15″-tetramethyl)-hexadecan-1″-oate (2) along with known compounds m-methoxy palmityloxy benzene (3), acetyl phenyl acetate (4), linoleiyl-O-α-D-xylopyranoside (5), m-hydroxyphenoxy benzene (6) and palmitic acid (7). The chemical structures were established with the help of physical, chemical and spectroscopic methods.

New constituents triterpene ester and sugar derivatives from Meyer and their evaluation of antioxidant activities.

C. A. Meyer (Araliaceae), is a well-known herb and used in the old established system of Oriental remedy, especially in Japan, China and Korea.

A Review on Phytoconstituents and Biological activities of Cuscuta species.

The genus Cuscuta belonging to the Cuscutaceae family comprises of about 100-170 species spread around the world. Although several species have been studied for their phytochemical characterization and biological activities but still many species are yet unexplored till date. Cuscuta are parasitic plants generally of yellow, orange, red or rarely green color.

Antiproliferative and antimicrobial efficacy of the compounds isolated from the roots of Oenothera biennis L.

Background: Oenothera biennis L., commonly known as evening primrose, harbours the flavonoids, steroids, tannins, fatty acids and terpenoids responsible for a diverse range of biological activity, such as antitumour, anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatory effects. In addition to the previous reports from aerial parts of this plant, studies related to antiproliferative or antimicrobial activity from the roots are warranted.

Phenolic Compositions and Antioxidant Properties in Bark, Flower, Inner Skin, Kernel and Leaf Extracts of Castanea crenata Sieb. et Zucc.

In this study, different plant parts (barks, flowers, inner skins, kernels and leaves) of (Japanese chestnut) were analyzed for total phenolic, flavonoid, and tannin contents. Antioxidant properties were evaluated by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), reducing power, and β-carotene bleaching methods. The highest total phenolic and tannin contents were found in the inner skins (1034 ± 7.