Nanoemulsion Gel as Potential Repellent against , , and (Diptera: Culicidae).

Oliv. cv. is a species of Umbelliferae (Apiaceae), a large plant family in the order Apiales.

Enhancement of Temephos and Deltamethrin Toxicity by Petroselinum crispum Oil and its Main Constituents Against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae).

Previous work presented the profound antimosquito potential of Petroselinum crispum essential oil (PEO) against either the pyrethroid-susceptible or resistant strains of Aedes aegypti. This plant oil also inhibited the activity of acetylcholinesterase and mixed-function oxidases significantly, thus suggesting its potential as a synergist for improving mosquitocidal efficacy of insecticidal formulations. This study investigated the chemical composition, larvicidal activity, and potential synergism with synthetic insecticides of PEO and its main compounds for the purpose of interacting with insecticide resistance in mosquito vectors.

Biochemical Effects of (Umbellifereae) Essential Oil on the Pyrethroid Resistant Strains of (Diptera: Culicidae).

In ongoing screening research for edible plants, essential oil was considered as a potential bioinsecticide with proven antimosquito activity against both the pyrethroid susceptible and resistant strains of . Due to the comparative mosquitocidal efficacy on these mosquitoes, this plant essential oil is promoted as an attractive candidate for further study in monitoring resistance of mosquito vectors. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of essential oil on the biochemical characteristics of the target mosquito larvae of , by determining quantitative changes of key enzymes responsible for xenobiotic detoxification, including glutathione--transferases (GSTs), - and -esterases (-/-ESTs), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), acid and alkaline phosphatases (ACP and ALP) and mixed-function oxidases (MFO).

Synergy in the adulticidal efficacy of essential oils for the improvement of permethrin toxicity against Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae).

Background: In a previous screening program for mosquitocides from local edible plants in Thailand, essential oils (EOs) of Cyperus rotundus, Alpinia galanga and Cinnamomum verum, were found to possess promising adulticidal activity against Aedes aegypti. With the aim of reducing usage of conventional insecticides and improving the management of resistant mosquito populations, this study was designed to determine the potential synergism in the adulticidal efficacy of EOs on permethrin toxicity against Ae. aegypti, both pyrethroid-resistant and -susceptible strains.

Assessment of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels as a repellent for personal protection against mosquitoes under laboratory and field conditions in northern Thailand.

Background: Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) hexane extract (AHE) has been reported as a proven and impressive repellent against laboratory-reared female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. With the aim of promoting products of plant origin as a viable alternative to conventional synthetic substances, this study was designed to transform AHE-based repellents for exploitable commercial production by enhancing their efficacy and assessing their physical and biological stability as well as repellency against mosquitoes under laboratory and field conditions.

Remarkable repellency of Ligusticum sinense (Umbelliferae), a herbal alternative against laboratory populations of Anopheles minimus and Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae).

Background: For personal protection against mosquito bites, user-friendly natural repellents, particularly from plant origin, are considered as a potential alternative to applications currently based on synthetics such as DEET, the standard chemical repellent. This study was carried out in Thailand to evaluate the repellency of Ligusticum sinense hexane extract (LHE) against laboratory Anopheles minimus and Aedes aegypti, the primary vectors of malaria and dengue fever, respectively.

Methods: Repellent testing of 25% LHE against the two target mosquitoes; An.

Chemical composition and larvicidal activity of edible plant-derived essential oils against the pyrethroid-susceptible and -resistant strains of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae).

The chemical compositions and larvicidal potential against mosquito vectors of selected essential oils obtained from five edible plants were investigated in this study. Using a GC/MS, 24, 17, 20, 21, and 12 compounds were determined from essential oils of Citrus hystrix, Citrus reticulata, Zingiber zerumbet, Kaempferia galanga, and Syzygium aromaticum, respectively. The principal constituents found in peel oil of C.

Karyotypic variation and geographic distribution of Anopheles campestris-like (Diptera: Culicidae) in Thailand.

Seventy-one isolines of Anopheles campestris-like were established from wild-caught females collected from human-biting and animal-biting traps at 12 locations in Thailand. All isolines had an average branch summation of seta 2-VI pupal skins ranging from 20.3-30.

Salivary gland proteins of the human malaria vector, Anopheles dirus B (Diptera: Culicidae).

Salivary gland proteins of the human malaria vector, Anopheles dirus B were determined and analyzed. The amount of salivary gland proteins in mosquitoes aged between 3--10 days was approximately 1.08 +/- 0.

Morphology and electrophoretic protein profiles of female salivary glands in four Oriental black fly species (Diptera: Simuliidae).

Saliva of female flies is responsible for localized hypersensitivity reactions and life-threatening systemic hemorrhagic syndromes in humans and animals. In this study, morphology and electrophoretic protein profiles of female salivary glands of Oriental black flies in the subgenus Simulium Latreille s. str.

Larvicidal efficacy and biological stability of a botanical natural product, zedoary oil-impregnated sand granules, against Aedes aegypti (Diptera, Culicidae).

Chemical analysis on Curcuma zedoaria rhizome volatile oil, using gas chromatography-mass spectrometer techniques, demonstrated the presence of beta-tumerone (19.88%), 1,8-cineole (8.93%), and 7-zingiberene (7.

A glycine- and glutamate-rich protein is female salivary gland-specific and abundant in the malaria vector Anopheles dirus B (Diptera: Culicidae).

Before transmission, malaria parasites reside in the salivary glands of their female mosquito hosts. Saliva proteins assist in blood feeding and also may influence the ability of mosquitoes to transmit malaria. We attempted to identify and isolate cDNAs encoding proteins expressed at a high level in the salivary glands of a malaria vector, Anopheles dirus B Peyton and Harrison (= An.

Larvicidal effect of pepper plants on Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae).

Ethanolic extracts derived from three species of the Piperaceae (pepper) family, Piper longum L., P. ribesoides Wall.

Essential oils as potential adulticides against two populations of Aedes aegypti, the laboratory and natural field strains, in Chiang Mai province, northern Thailand.

Essential oils derived from five plant species, celery (Apium graveolens), caraway (Carum carvi), zedoary (Curcuma zedoaria), long pepper (Piper longum), and Chinese star anise (Illicium verum), were subjected to investigation of adulticidal activity against mosquito vectors. Two populations of Aedes aegypti, the laboratory and natural field strains, collected in Chiang Mai province, northern Thailand were tested in pyrethroid-susceptibility bioassays. The results revealed that the natural field strain of A.

Chemical composition and anti-mosquito potential of rhizome extract and volatile oil derived from Curcuma aromatica against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae).

Crude rhizome extracts and volatile oils of Curcuma aromatica were evaluated for chemical composition and anti-mosquito potential, including larvicidal, adulticidal, and repellent activities against the Aedes aegypti mosquito. Chemical identification achieved by GC/MS analysis revealed that xanthorrhizol, 1H-3a, 7-methanoazulene and curcumene at 35.08 and 13.

Evidence to support two conspecific cytological races on Anopheles aconitus in Thailand.

Iso-female lines (isolines) of Anopheles aconitus collected from Mae Hong Son, Phet Buri, and Chiang Mai Provinces were successfully identified to karyotypic forms. The results of identification revealed that An. aconitus Form B (X1, X2, Y2) was obtained from four and 48 isolines in Phet Buri and Chiang Mai Provinces, respectively, and Form C (X1, X2, Y3) was recovered from three and 41 isolines in Mae Hong Son and Chiang Mai Provinces, respectively.

Susceptibility of two karyotypic forms of Anopheles aconitus (Diptera: Culicidae) to Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax.

Four laboratory-raised colonies of two karyotypic forms of Anopheles aconitus, i.e., Form B (Chiang Mai and Phet Buri strains) and C (Chiang Mai and Mae Hong Son strains), were experimentally infected with Plasmodium falciparum and P.

Adulticidal activity against Stegomyia aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) of three Piper spp.

Three Piper species, Piper longum, P. ribesoides and P. sarmentosum, were selected for investigation of adulticidal potential against Stegomyia aegypti, a main vector of dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever.

Laboratory colonization of Aedes lineatopennis.

Aedes lineatopennis, a species member of the subgenus Neomelaniconion, could be colonized for more than 10 successive generations from 30 egg batches [totally 2,075 (34-98) eggs] of wild-caught females. The oviposited eggs needed to be incubated in a moisture chamber for at least 7 days to complete embryonation and, following immersion in 0.25-2% hay-fermented water, 61-66% of them hatched after hatching stimulation.

Sequence analyses of three nuclear ribosomal loci and a mitochondrial locus in cytologically different forms of Thai Anopheles aconitus mosquitoes.

Ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of Anopheles aconitus mosquitoes were examined to investigate intra- and inter-species variation amongst the members of the Minimus group of Anopheles subgenus Cellia. Three rDNA loci (ITS1, ITS2 and D3 regions) and a mtDNA locus (cytochrome oxidase II) were analyzed in An. aconitus Form B and Form C collected in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand.

Repellent properties of celery, Apium graveolens L., compared with commercial repellents, against mosquitoes under laboratory and field conditions.

In our search for new bioactive products against mosquito vectors, we reported the slightly larvicidal and adulticidal potency, but remarkable repellency of Apium graveolens both in laboratory and field conditions. Repellency of the ethanolic preparation of hexane-extracted A. graveolens was, therefore, investigated and compared with those of 15 commercial mosquito repellents including the most widely used, DEET.

Reproductive isolation between Anopheles sinensis and Anopheles pullus in Korea.

Anopheles sinensis and An. pullus, the 2 predominant anopheline mosquito species in Korea, are major malaria vectors. Their morphological similarity makes them difficult to distinguish, and their taxonomic relationship remains unclear.

Comparative assessment of the in vitro sensitivity of Brugia malayi infective larvae to albendazole, diethylcarbamazine and ivermectin alone and in combination.

The antifilaricidal drugs ivermectin (IVM), diethylcarbamazine (DEC), and albendazole (ALB), used alone or in combinations against infective third-stage larvae (L3) of nocturnally subperiodic (NSP) Brugia malayi (Narathiwat strain), were tested in vitro for sensitivity, for 7 days. IVM alone reduced larval motility at concentrations of 10(-7), 10(-6), and 10(-5) M on day 3. DEC alone also had this effect at concentrations of 10(-6).

Potential of crude seed extract of celery, Apium graveolens L., against the mosquito Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae).

Crude seed extract of celery, Apium graveolens, was investigated for anti-mosquito potential, including larvicidal, adulticidal, and repellent activities against Aedes aegypti, the vector of dengue haemorrhagic fever. The ethanol-extracted A. graveolens possessed larvicidal activity against fourth instar larvae of Ae.

Comparative morphometry and morphology of Anopheles aconitus Form B and C eggs under scanning electron microscope.

Comparative morphometric and morphological studies of eggs under scanning electron microscope (SEM) were undertaken in the three strains of two karyotypic forms of Anopheles aconitus, i.e., Form B (Chiang Mai and Phet Buri strains) and Form C (Chiang Mai and Mae Hong Son strains).