Myocardial infarction as a presentation of clinical in-stent restenosis.

Background: In-stent restenosis is considered to be a gradual and progressive condition and there is scant data on myocardial infarction (MI) as a clinical presentation.

Methods And Results: Of 2,462 consecutive patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention between June 2001 and December 2002, clinical in-stent restenosis occurred in 212 (8.6%), who were classified into 3 groups: ST elevation MI (STEMI), non-ST elevation MI (NSTEMI) and non-MI.

Thrombus-in-transit and paradoxical embolism.

Paradoxical embolism is an uncommon but clinically important phenomenon. Elements of diagnosis include the presence of: (1) a venous thrombus, (2) an arterial embolus, (3) a communication between the right and left heart, and (4) a thrombus traversing such a communication. Unfortunately, all of these elements can be rarely demonstrated in each case but the probability should be considered in any patient with 2 or more present.

Cardiac manifestations of the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome: a review.

The antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APLAS), though an uncommon entity involves multiple organs in the body. The antiphospholipid antibodies (APLA) refer to several groups of autoantibodies against negatively charged phospholipids occurring independently or in association with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and related autoimmune disorders. Several studies to date found those patients with APLA, predominantly IgG and to lesser extent IgM isotype and lupus anticoagulant (LAC) are associated with arterial and venous thrombosis, recurrent fetal loss, thrombocytopenia, and livedo reticularis.