Ethical Considerations and Equipoise in Cancer Surgery.

The changing landscape of cancer surgery requires ongoing consideration of ethical issues to ensure patient-centered care and fair access to treatments. With technological advancements and the global expansion of surgical interventions, healthcare professionals must navigate complex ethical dilemmas related to patient autonomy, informed consent, and the impact of new technologies on the physician-patient relationship. Additionally, ethical principles and decision-making in oncology, especially in the context of genetic predisposition to breast cancer, highlight the importance of integrating patient knowledge, preferences, and alignment between goals and treatments.

Sensitivity Analysis of a 6 MeV Photon Beam Monte Carlo Model.

Background: This study aimed to optimize efficiency in Monte Carlo (MC) simulation using sensitivity analysis of a beam model.

Methods: The BEAMnrc-based model of 6 MV beam of a Siemens Primus linac was developed. For sensitivity analysis, the effect of the electron source, treatment head, and virtual phantom specifications on calculated percent depth dose (PDD) and lateral dose profiles was evaluated.

Green porous benzamide-like nanomembranes for hazardous cations detection, separation, and concentration adjustment.

Green biomaterials play a crucial role in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases as well as health-related problem-solving. Typically, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and mechanical strength are requirements centered on biomaterial engineering. However, in-hospital therapeutics require an elaborated synthesis of hybrid and complex nanomaterials capable of mimicking cellular behavior.

An evaluation of occupant dynamics during moderate-to-high speed side impacts.

The present study examined trends in occupant dynamics during side impact testing in vehicle models over the past decade. "Moderate-to-high" speed side impacts (delta-V ≥15 km/h) were analyzed. The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) side impact crash data was examined ( = 126).

Evaluation of Therapeutic Properties of a Low Energy Electron Beam Plus Spoiler for Local Treatment of Mycosis Fungoides: A Monte Carlo Study.

Background: When using low-energy electron beams for the treatment of skin lesions, such as Mycosis Fungoides (MF), a beam spoiler is used to decrease electron therapeutic depth (R) while increasing the surface dose.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of a 5 MeV electron beam when using a spoiler for the local treatment of MF skin lesions by Monte Carlo (MC) simulation.

Material And Methods: In this experimental study, a Siemens Primus treatment head and an acrylic spoiler, positioned at the end of applicator, were simulated using BEAMnrc, an EGSnrc user code.

A facile green synthesis of MgCoFeO nanomaterials with robust catalytic performance in the synthesis of pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidinedione and their bis-derivatives.

In this study, an efficient, rapid and simple plant-mediated green sol-gel auto-combustion procedure was presented to synthesis magnesium-cobalt ferrite (MgCoFeO) nanocatalyst using an aqueous extract of apple skins as a chelating/combustion agent. The catalyst was assessed by multiple techniques, including FT-IR, XRD, FE-SEM, EDS, elemental mapping, TGA-DTA and VSM. Then, the catalytic potential of the as-prepared MgCoFeO nanocatalyst was examined in the three-component condensation reaction of 1,3-dimethyl barbituric acid, aldehydes and malononitrile for the one-pot synthesis of pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidinedione and their bis-derivatives.

Design and Implementation of a Monte Carlo Framework for Assessment of Spoiler Applications in Abutting Electron Fields.

Background: Field matching problems in abutting electron fields can be managed by using spoilers.

Objective: The aim of this study was to design a Monte Carlo framework for the assessment of spoiler application in abutting electron fields.

Material And Methods: In this experimental study, a Siemens Primus treatment head was simulated for a 5 MeV electron beam using BEAMnrc, DOSXYZnrc and EGSnrc user codes.

Predictive factors for return to work after lumbar discectomy.

. Lower back pain (LBP) is one of the most common complaints leading to disability and work absence. This study was performed to determine the rate and contributing factors of return to work in the postoperative phase after lumbar discectomy.

Estimation of the Thyroid Secondary Cancer Risk on the Patient of Standard Breast External Beam Radiotherapy.

Background: The purpose of this study was to estimate the secondary cancer risk of thyroid in standard radiotherapy methods which are commonly used for breast cancer patients.

Methods: A total of 64 breast cancer patients (their age range was around 50 years old) who referred to Seyed-Al-Shohada hospital (Isfahan, Iran) were included in this study. The radiotherapy of the mentioned patients was performed using 6-MV photon beams.

Evaluation of the photon dose calculation accuracy in radiation therapy of malignant pleural mesothelioma.

Background: Photon dose distribution of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) in matched photon-electron technique is influenced by media inhomogeneity, lateral electronic disequilibrium at interfaces and narrow field. These may influence the dose calculation accuracy, calculated by treatment planning systems (TPS). This study aimed to evaluate the dose calculation accuracy of TiGRT TPS in radiation therapy of MPM.

Effects of electromagnetic waves emitted from 3G+wi-fi modems on human semen analysis.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of 3G+wifi modems on human sperm quality.A total of 40 semen specimens were gathered between March and September 2015, from healthy adult men.

Methods: The sperm samples were divided into two groups - 3G+wi-fi exposed and unexposed groups.

Relationship between increased in vivo meniscal loads and abnormal tibiofemoral surface alignment in ACL deficient sheep is varied.

The aim of this study was to quantify how abnormal dynamic tibiofemoral surface alignment affects the load bearing function of menisci in vivo. Using a sheep model of ACL deficiency, we tested the hypothesis that increased in vivo meniscal loads correlate with greater tibiofemoral surface alignment abnormality. Stifle kinematics were recorded using a bone-mounted instrumented spatial linkage in four sheep before, and at four and twenty weeks (w) after ACL transection.

Analysis of change in gait in the ovine stifle: normal, injured, and anterior cruciate ligament reconstructed.

Background: Many patients who undergo anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructive surgery develop post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). ACL reconstructive surgery may not fully restore pre-injury joint biomechanics, thereby resulting in further joint damage and contributing to the development of PTOA. In an ovine model of idealized ACL reconstruction (ACL-R), it has been shown that signs of PTOA develop within surgical joints by 20 weeks post-surgery.

Biosynthesis, characterization and catalytic activity of Cu/RGO/FeO for direct cyanation of aldehydes with K[Fe(CN)].

This work reports the green synthesis of the Cu/reduced graphene oxide/FeO (Cu/RGO/FeO) nanocomposite as a new catalytic system for cyanation of aldehydes to nitriles. This nanocomposite catalytic system was synthesized by aqueous extract of leaves of Euphorbia bungei Boiss as a reducing and stabilizing agent. Various substituted aryl nitrile were prepared under optimized conditions and providing moderate to excellent yields.

Use of pre-clinical surgically induced models to understand biomechanical and biological consequences of PTOA development.

Post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) development is often observed following traumatic knee injuries involving key stabilising structures such as the cruciate ligaments or the menisci. Both biomechanical and biological alterations that follow knee injuries have been implicated in PTOA development, although it has not been possible to differentiate clearly between the two causal factors. This review critically examines the outcomes from pre-clinical lapine and ovine injury models arising in the authors' laboratories and differing in severity of PTOA development and progression.

Ligament and meniscus loading in the ovine stifle joint during normal gait.

Background: The ovine stifle joint is an ideal preclinical model to study knee joint biomechanics. Knowledge of the ovine ligamentous and meniscal loading during normal gait is currently limited.

Methods: The in vivo kinematics of the ovine stifle joint (N=4) were measured during "normal" gait using a highly accurate instrumented spatial linkage (ISL, 0.

Green synthesis of Pd/RGO/Fe3O4 nanocomposite using Withania coagulans leaf extract and its application as magnetically separable and reusable catalyst for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol.

A reduced graphene oxide (RGO)/Fe3O4 based nanocomposite with palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) has been synthesized via a green route by Withania coagulans leaf extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent and its catalytic activity has been tested for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) in water at room temperature. The hydroxyl groups of phenolics in W. coagulans leaf extract is directly responsible for the reduction of Pd(2+), Fe(3+) ions and GO.

An instrumented spatial linkage for measuring knee joint kinematics.

Background: In this study, the design and development of a highly accurate instrumented spatial linkage (ISL) for kinematic analysis of the ovine stifle joint is described. The ovine knee is a promising biomechanical model of the human knee joint.

Methods: The ISL consists of six digital rotational encoders providing six degrees of freedom (6-DOF) to its motion.

Euphorbia heterophylla leaf extract mediated green synthesis of Ag/TiO2 nanocomposite and investigation of its excellent catalytic activity for reduction of variety of dyes in water.

This work reports a facile and green synthesis of Ag/TiO2 nanocomposite by extract of leaves of Euphorbia heterophylla without any stabilizer or surfactant. The green synthesized Ag/TiO2 nanocomposite was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and UV-vis. The Ag/TiO2 nanocomposite was found to be effective catalyst for reduction of various dyes, such as 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), Methyl orange (MO), Congo red (CR) and Methylene blue (MB) in the presence of NaBH4 in water at room temperature.

Cartilage boundary lubrication of ovine synovial fluid following anterior cruciate ligament transection: a longitudinal study.

Objective: To assess ovine synovial fluid (oSF) from different post-injury time points for (1) proteoglycan-4 (PRG4) and hyaluronan (HA) concentration, (2) HA molecular weight (MW) distribution, (3) cartilage boundary lubrication function, and (4) lubricant composition-function relationships. The association between cartilage boundary lubrication and gross cartilage changes after injury was also examined.

Methods: oSF was collected 2, 4, 10, and 20 weeks post anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) transection in five skeletally mature sheep.

Increased meniscal loading after anterior cruciate ligament transection in vivo: a longitudinal study in sheep.

Introduction: Meniscal injury has been well documented as a frequent consequence of both acute and chronic ACL deficiency. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of ACL deficiency on meniscal loads in vivo and determine how these loads would change over time after ACL injury.

Methods: The in vivo kinematics of the stifle joint of five sheep were measured during normal gait, as well as 4 and 20 weeks after ACL transection.

A novel testing platform for assessing knee joint mechanics: a parallel robotic system combined with an instrumented spatial linkage.

Assessing joint function following trauma and its inter-relation with degenerative changes requires an understanding of the normal state of structural loading in the joint. Very few studies have attempted to reproduce joint specific in vivo motions in vitro to quantify the actual loads carried by different tissues within the knee joint. The most significant challenge in this area is the very high sensitivity of the loads in joint structures to motion reproduction accuracy.