Weighing the Risk of Seizure Control: A Case of Levetiracetam-Induced Rhabdomyolysis.

Rhabdomyolysis, a severe condition marked by the breakdown of muscle tissue, leads to the release of intracellular contents into the bloodstream. This condition can be triggered by a range of factors, including intense physical activity, traumatic injuries, certain medications, and infections. Diagnosis typically involves detecting elevated creatine phosphokinase (CPK) levels alongside characteristic clinical symptoms.

Drug Repurposing Approach to Identify Candidate Drug Molecules for Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most prevalent primary liver cancer, with a high mortality rate due to the limited therapeutic options. Systemic drug treatments improve the patient's life expectancy by only a few months. Furthermore, the development of novel small molecule chemotherapeutics is time-consuming and costly.

Dual Dialysis for Post-bilateral Orthotopic Lung Transplantation Hyperammonemia.

Hyperammonemia is a metabolic disorder characterized by supraphysiologic ammonia (NH) concentrations in the blood. Although usually seen in adults with liver disease, hyperammonemia is a notable complication in 4.1% of lung transplants.

Exploring the Efficacy of Ketamine as an Anesthetic and Antidepressant in Postpartum Depression: A Case Study Analysis.

Postpartum depression is a common mental health disorder that affects women within six months after giving birth. It is characterized by sadness, anxiety, and extreme fatigue, which can significantly impact a woman's daily functioning and ability to care for her newborn. While traditional treatments for postpartum depression include therapy and medication, recent studies have shown promising results using ketamine.

Exploration of novel 6,8,9-trisubstituted purine analogues: synthesis, in vitro biological evaluation, and their effect on human cancer cells.

Cancer, a leading global cause of mortality, demands continuous advancements in therapeutic strategies. This study focuses on the design and synthesis of a novel series of purine derivatives, specifically 6-(substituted phenyl piperazine)-8-(4-phenoxyphenyl)-9-cyclopentyl purine derivatives (5-11). The motivation behind this endeavor lies in addressing acquired resistance mechanisms in cancer cells, a significant hurdle in current treatment modalities.

Effects of Hot Pack Therapy on Post-Colonoscopy Pain: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Study.

Background: Post-colonoscopy pain (PCP) is a negative condition that causes physical and psychological distress to patients and may lead to noncompliance with treatment and follow-up. The most common hypothesis for the cause of PCP is the inflation of the lumen with air to examine the mucosa. There are no previous studies that have examined the effects of thermal therapy in patients with PCP.

Transfer learning for drug-target interaction prediction.

Motivation: Utilizing AI-driven approaches for drug-target interaction (DTI) prediction require large volumes of training data which are not available for the majority of target proteins. In this study, we investigate the use of deep transfer learning for the prediction of interactions between drug candidate compounds and understudied target proteins with scarce training data. The idea here is to first train a deep neural network classifier with a generalized source training dataset of large size and then to reuse this pre-trained neural network as an initial configuration for re-training/fine-tuning purposes with a small-sized specialized target training dataset.

Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency Causing Priapism.

Pyruvate kinase deficiency (PKD) is an autosomal recessive defect of the enzyme pyruvate kinase (PK) which is involved in catalyzing a reaction that produces ATP in the glycolytic pathway. It is the most common defect of the glycolytic pathway associated with congenital anemia. Patients usually present with signs of chronic hemolytic anemia such as hyperbilirubinemia, splenomegaly, reticulocytosis, and gallstones; the presentation can vary by age.

Orbital B-cell Lymphoma Masquerading As Dry Eye Disease.

Orbital lymphoma is a rare tumor with an incidence of 2.02 per million per year. It can occur as a part of systemic lymphoma or spontaneously arise primarily in orbit.

Is Losing Weight Worth Losing Your Kidney: Keto Diet Resulting in Renal Failure.

Keto diet is defined as a high-fat, adequate-protein, and low-carbohydrate nutrition which forces the body to burn fats and use an alternative metabolic fuel resource by stimulating endogenous ketone production. The standard range of ketones in ketosis is up to 3.00mmol/L, and anything beyond this level can result in serious medical conditions.

What Works for One May Not Work for Another: A New Warning for Modafinil.

Narcolepsy is a clinical syndrome of hypothalamic disorder characterized by several sleep-wake disorders. The most common features include daytime sleepiness associated with hallucinations (hypnagogic and hypnopompic hallucinations) at the transition time of sleep-wake time, cataplexy or sudden loss of muscle tone, and sleep paralysis. We present a case of a patient affected with both narcolepsy and postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS).

Correction: What Works for One May Not Work for Another: A New Warning for Modafinil.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.7759/cureus.27287.

The Need to Anticoagulate Patients With Splenic Vein Thrombosis.

Splenic vein thrombosis (SVT) is a well-recognized complication of acute and chronic pancreatitis. It is associated with complications of significant gastrointestinal bleeding and high morbidity if the thrombus propagates. There is a need to consider several factors in choosing whether to anticoagulate the patient.

Epstein-Barr Virus-Positive Not Otherwise Specified (EBV+ NOS) Lymphoma Presentation of Primary Bone Tumor Underlying a Pathological Fracture.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and accounts for approximately 25% of all NHLs in developed countries. The patients usually present with constitutional symptoms and rapidly enlarging lymphadenopathy and symptomatic mass typically located in the neck or abdomen, along with an aggressive disease course. Most of the patients present with advanced disease with 60% presenting with stage 3 or 4, and those who present with extranodal involvement are usually seen at an earlier stage.

Does Hepatic Steatosis Influence the Virological Response with Chronic Hepatitis B Patients Treated with Entecavir or Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate?

Background: The effect of hepatic steatosis on the response to antiviral therapy administered in chronic hepatitis B patients is yet to be clarified. In this study, our aim was to determine the effect of hepatic steatosis on the virological response in chronic hepatitis B patients who were treated with entecavir or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study was performed using the data of liver biopsy-proven chronic hepatitis B patients with or without hepatic steatosis, who received entecavir or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate treatment between 2012 and 2017.

Secondary Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura Due to Primary Epstein- Barr Virus Infection.

A rare complication of infectious mononucleosis is immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). The majority of people affected by Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) are below the age of 30, while ITP is usually seen with peaks of incidence in the elderly and children. The unique case of an otherwise healthy 22-year-old female will be discussed, with an initial presentation of ecchymosis, rash, and epistaxis, and was subsequently found to have severe thrombocytopenia.

Context dependent isoform specific PI3K inhibition confers drug resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

Background: Targeted therapies for Primary liver cancer (HCC) is limited to the multi-kinase inhibitors, and not fully effective due to the resistance to these agents because of the heterogeneous molecular nature of HCC developed during chronic liver disease stages and cirrhosis. Although combinatorial therapy can increase the efficiency of targeted therapies through synergistic activities, isoform specific effects of the inhibitors are usually ignored. This study concentrated on PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and the differential combinatory bioactivities of isoform specific PI3K-α inhibitor (PIK-75) or PI3K-β inhibitor (TGX-221) with Sorafenib dependent on PTEN context.

Relationship Between Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index and Irritable Bowel Syndrome.

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome is accepted as a functional disorder; however, there is growing evidence in favor of the inflammatory process contributing to its pathogenesis. We aimed to evaluate the role of the systemic immune-inflammation index as a marker of inflammation in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

Methods: The study was conducted in the outpatient clinic of the Gastroenterology Department with patients having constipationpredominant irritable bowel syndrome diagnosis according to Rome IV criteria between March 1, 2019 and December 31, 2020.

Is Cholecystectomy a cause of difficult biliary cannulation in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography?

Background And Study Aim: In European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy guidelines, biliary cannulation of naive papillae is defined as difficult in the presence of more than 5 papilla contacts, more than 5min cannulation time or more than one unintended pancreatic duct cannulation or opacification. It is not known whether cholecystectomy is a cause of difficult biliary cannulation. This study aimed to investigate whether cholecystectomy (CCY) is a cause of difficult biliary cannulation in patients who have undergone Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for choledocholithiasis.

Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Triazolothiadiazoles Derived from NSAIDs as Anticancer Agents.

Background: Although transplantation, surgical resection, and tumor ablation are treatment options available following early diagnosis of HCC, poor prognosis and high recurrence rates restrict the efficacy of these approaches. Hence, small molecules with high selectivity and bioactivity are urgently required.

Objective: This study presents the synthesis of a series of new triazolothiadiazole derivatives (1a-3j) with NSAID moieties and their cytotoxic bioactivities.

Real-world efficacy and safety of Ledipasvir + Sofosbuvir and Ombitasvir/Paritaprevir/Ritonavir ± Dasabuvir combination therapies for chronic hepatitis C: A Turkish experience.

Background/aims: This study aimed to evaluate the real-life efficacy and tolerability of direct-acting antiviral treatments for patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) with/without cirrhosis in the Turkish population.

Material And Methods: A total of 4,352 patients with CHC from 36 different institutions in Turkey were enrolled. They received ledipasvir (LDV) and sofosbuvir (SOF)±ribavirin (RBV) orombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir±dasabuvir (PrOD)±RBV for 12 or 24 weeks.

Design, Synthesis and In Vitro Cytotoxic Activity of New 6,9-Disubstituted Purine Analogues.

A series of new 6,9-disubstituted purine analogs with 4-substituted piperazine at C-6 and 4-substituted benzyl at N-9 were designed and synthesized in four steps. All synthesized compounds (7-26) were screened initially for their in vitro anticancer activity on Huh7 liver, HCT116 colon and MCF7 breast carcinoma cell lines. Cytotoxic bioactivity studies revealed that all compounds screened, with compound 19 being the exception, were found to have promising cytotoxic activities at IC50 range of 0.