The prevalence and clinical significance of noncardiac findings on cardiac MRI.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the prevalence, nature, and clinical significance of noncardiac findings (NCFs) at cardiac MRI.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 240 consecutive, clinically indicated cardiac MRI examinations conducted over a 21-month period. All noncardiac findings (NCFs) were recorded.

Familial pseudocoarctation of the aorta.

Pseudocoarctation of the aorta (PCOA) is an unusual congenital malformation of the aortic arch characterized by an acute anterior angulation of the aortic arch at the level of the ligamentum arteriosum with little or no obstruction. This report describes the occurrence of PCOA and other aortic arch abnormalities including true coarctation, right aortic arch, and aneurysms of the proximal and distal aortic arch in three generations of a single family. To our knowledge, a familial form of PCOA has not been described.

Scan length optimization for pulmonary embolism at CT angiography: analysis based on the three-dimensional spatial distribution of 370 emboli in 100 patients.

Aim: To determine the size and three-dimensional spatial distribution of pulmonary emboli (PE) at computed tomography angiography (CTA) to optimize the scan length.

Materials And Methods: Two experienced radiologists jointly reviewed 100 consecutive, positive PE CTA studies performed in the Emergency Department (53 women; age 61±17 years). All studies were conducted on a 16-detector row CT machine.

Association of military training with oxidative stress and overreaching.

Unlabelled: We hypothesized that increased oxidative stress and disrupted redox balance may be predisposing factors and markers for overreaching (OR).

Purpose: The study's purpose was to examine whether oxidative stress markers and antioxidant status and physical fitness are related to OR during an 8-wk military basic training (BT) period.

Methods: Oxidative stress and antioxidant status were evaluated in the beginning and after 4 and 7 wk of training in 35 males (age = 19.

Treatments with sodium selenate or doxycycline offset diabetes-induced perturbations of thioredoxin-1 levels and antioxidant capacity.

Diabetes is associated with increased oxidative stress and impaired antioxidant defenses. Thioredoxin-1 (TRX-1) is a cytosolic thiol antioxidant and redox-active protein which plays a vital role in the maintenance of reduced intracellular redox state. In this study, the authors examined whether 4-week treatments with sodium selenate and doxycycline--a metalloproteinase-2 inhibitor which also has antioxidant-like effects--offset perturbations in oxidative stress and antioxidant protection in rat liver and skeletal muscle in streptozotocin-induced diabetes (SID) model.

Interobserver reliability in the assessment of coronary stenoses by multidetector computed tomography.

Objective: To determine the interobserver reliability for grading coronary stenosis severity with coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA).

Methods: Five readers independently reviewed 40 CCTA studies, first the axial images alone, then in combination with multiplanar reconstructions. The stenosis severity in each segment was scored on a 5-point scale.

HSP60, oxidative stress parameters and cardiometabolic risk markers in hypertensive and normotensive Slovak females.

Background: The aim of our study was to analyse the relationships between hypertension, HSP60, oxidative stress, lipid profile and cardiometabolic risk in 126 females with arterial hypertension (AHW) and 39 normotensive females (AH-).

Results: Females with AH+ were significantly older and more frequently suffered from ischemic heart disease, angina pectoris, prior MI, abdominal obesity, obesity, metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus. On the other hand, normotensive females smoked significantly more often.

Alpha-lipoic acid does not alter stress protein response to acute exercise in diabetic brain.

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are molecular chaperones which may act protective in cerebrovascular insults and peripheral diabetic neuropathy. We hypothesized that alpha-lipoic acid (LA), a natural thiol antioxidant, may enhance brain HSP response in diabetes. Rats with or without streptozotocin-induced diabetes were treated with LA or saline for 8 weeks.

Three contrast injection protocols for electrocardiogram-gated 64-slice computed tomographic angiography: comparing vessel density and perceived quality.

Objective: To compare aortic, pulmonary artery (PA), and coronary artery (CA) density and examination quality using 3 different injection protocols for electrocardiogram-gated 64-detector row computed tomographic angiography.

Methods: We reviewed 30 consecutive computed tomographic angiography studies for each of 3 different contrast protocols (A, B, and C)-90 studies total-performed in patients with chest pain and low to moderate suspicion for coronary disease. All used a 20-mL timing bolus followed by 30 mL of saline.

An inter-laboratory validation of methods of lipid peroxidation measurement in UVA-treated human plasma samples.

Lipid peroxidation products like malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxynonenal and F(2)-isoprostanes are widely used as markers of oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo. This study reports the results of a multi-laboratory validation study by COST Action B35 to assess inter-laboratory and intra-laboratory variation in the measurement of lipid peroxidation. Human plasma samples were exposed to UVA irradiation at different doses (0, 15 J, 20 J), encoded and shipped to 15 laboratories, where analyses of malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxynonenal and isoprostanes were conducted.

Chemistry and biochemistry of lipid peroxidation products.

Oxidative stress and resulting lipid peroxidation is involved in various and numerous pathological states including inflammation, atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. This review is focused on recent advances concerning the formation, metabolism and reactivity towards macromolecules of lipid peroxidation breakdown products, some of which being considered as 'second messengers' of oxidative stress. This review relates also new advances regarding apoptosis induction, survival/proliferation processes and autophagy regulated by 4-hydroxynonenal, a major product of omega-6 fatty acid peroxidation, in relationship with detoxication mechanisms.

Postconditioning and remote postconditioning of ischemic rat cardiac grafts.

Background: Global warm ischemia of transplanted cardiac grafts is associated with apoptosis and subsequent tissue necrosis. It is suggested that postconditioning (PostC) may ameliorate the early outcome of cardiac grafts after ischemia-reperfusion. We investigated whether PostC and remote postconditioning (RPostC) have a histopathologic impact after transplantation of warm ischemic rat cardiac grafts.

Acute exercise and thioredoxin-1 in rat brain, and alpha-lipoic acid and thioredoxin-interacting protein response, in diabetes.

Thioredoxin (TRX) is a protein disulfide reductase that plays an important role in many thiol-dependent cellular reductive processes, antioxidant protection, and signal transduction. Moreover, TRX reduces and maintains the function of many proteins during oxidative stress, which is increased in diabetes. The authors recently reported that diabetes impairs brain redox status and TRX response to exercise training.

Serum sex hormone-binding globulin and cortisol concentrations are associated with overreaching during strenuous military training.

The purpose was (a) to study the effect of an 8-week Finnish military basic training period (BT) on physical fitness, body composition, mood state, and serum biochemical parameters among new conscripts; (b) to determine the incidence of overreaching (OR); and (c) to evaluate whether initial levels or training responses differ between OR and noOR subjects. Fifty-seven males (19.7 ± 0.

Genetic variations of leptin and leptin receptor are associated with body composition changes in response to physical training.

Leptin regulates body weight, metabolism, and tissue adaptations to environmental stressors. We examined the association of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of leptin promoter G-2548A (rs7799039) and leptin receptor Gln223Arg (rs1137101) with body composition, plasma leptin levels, and peak oxygen uptake (VO(2)peak) in response to 8 weeks of physical training in 48 male military conscripts. AA homozygotes of leptin promoter SNP-2548 showed higher body fat and BMI values than G allele carriers.

Exercise plays a preventive role against Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting the elderly population. It is predicted that the incidence of AD will be increased in the future making this disease one of the greatest medical, social, and economic challenges for individuals, families, and the health care system worldwide. The etiology of AD is multifactorial.

Altered oxidative stress in overtrained athletes.

The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between oxidative stress and overtraining syndrome. Indicators of oxidative stress (plasma protein carbonyls, nitrotyrosine, and malondialdehyde) and antioxidant status (oxygen radical absorbance capacity) were measured in severely overtrained (two women, five men) and control athletes (five women, five men). Samples were collected from both groups at baseline (i.

Exercise alters SIRT1, SIRT6, NAD and NAMPT levels in skeletal muscle of aged rats.

Silent information regulators are potent NAD(+)-dependent protein deacetylases, which have been shown to regulate gene silencing, muscle differentiation and DNA damage repair. Here, changes in the level and activity of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) in response to exercise in groups of young and old rats were studied. There was an age-related increase in SIRT1 level, while exercise training significantly increased the relative activity of SIRT1.

Cytotoxicity of 1-aryl-3-buthylamino-1-propanone hydrochlorides against Jurkat and L6 cells.

1-Aryl-3-buthylamino-1-propanone hydrochloride type mono Mannich bases were synthesized and their cytotoxicity was tested against transformed human T-lymphocytes (Jurkat cells) and rat skeletal muscle derived myoblasts (L6 cells). Aryl part was changed as phenyl in 1, 4-methylphenyl in 2, 4-chlorophenyl in 3, 4-fluorophenyl in 4, 4-bromophenyl in 5, 4-hydroxyphenyl in 6, 2-acethylthiophene in 7. Of the compounds synthesized, 2, 5, 6, and 7 are reported for the first time.