Simulation of chloropicrin emissions in response to soil conditions and applicator practices.

HYDRUS 2D was used to simulate chloropicrin (CP) emissions across a range of expected application and environmental conditions present within California, where CP is widely used in the pre-plant treatment of soils for high-value specialty crops. Simulations were developed based on field calibration work and physicochemical parameters from literature with additional consideration of application rate-dependent degradation and applicator practices including application depth, application mode, and tarp material. Model output was compared to the distribution of indirect whole-field flux estimates derived from field monitoring studies using measures of maximum 8-h, maximum 24-h, and cumulative emissions due to their relevance to public health.

Pesticides exposure assessment of kettleman city using the industrial source complex short-term model version 3.

Kettleman City, California, reported a higher than expected number of birth defect cases between 2007 and 2010, raising the concern of community and government agencies. A pesticide exposure evaluation was conducted as part of a complete assessment of community chemical exposure. Nineteen pesticides that potentially cause birth defects were investigated.

Diazinon-chemistry and environmental fate: a California perspective.

Diazinon, first introduced in USA in 1956, is a broad-spectrum contact organophosphate pesticide that has been used as an insecticide, and nematicide. It has been ond of the most widely used insecticides in the USA for household and agricultural pest control. In 2004, residential use of diazinon was discontinued; as a result, the total amount applied has drastically decreased.