Restrictive vs Liberal Transfusion Strategy in Patients With Acute Brain Injury: The TRAIN Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Blood transfusions are commonly administered to patients with acute brain injury. The optimal hemoglobin transfusion threshold is uncertain in this patient population.

Objective: To assess the impact on neurological outcome of 2 different hemoglobin thresholds to guide red blood cell transfusions in patients with acute brain injury.

Effect of a seven-strain probiotic on dietary intake, inflammatory markers, and T-cells in severe traumatic brain injury patients: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Background: Inflammatory processes are key factors in pathological events associated with severe traumatic brain injury (STBI). The aim of this trial was to determine the effect of probiotics on anthropometric measures, disease severity, inflammatory markers, and T cells in patients with STBI.

Methods: Forty adult patients with STBI were enrolled in this parallel randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Association of norepinephrine with pressure ulcer development in critically ill patients with COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome: A dose-response analysis.

Objectives: To investigate the correlation between varying doses of norepinephrine (NE) and the incidence of pressure injuries (PIs) in COVID-19 patients in intensive care units (ICUs).

Design: A retrospective multicenter study was conducted on 1,078 COVID-19 patients admitted to ICUs with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) requiring mechanical ventilation. The research spanned from March 2020 to April 2021 across five university-affiliated hospitals in Iran.

Evaluation of circulating levels of miR-135a and miR-193 in patients with sepsis.

Background: Sepsis is a life-threatening condition where early diagnosis and prognostic awareness provide guidance for selecting the appropriate treatment strategies. A wide variety of biomarker-based studies in clinical medicine provide new insights into personalized medicine for sepsis patients. MiRNAs are endogenous non-coding RNA molecules that have been acting as great potential diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic biomarkers in various diseases.

T Lymphocyte Characteristic Changes Under Serum Cytokine Deviations and Prognostic Factors of COVID-19 in Pregnant Women.

Physiological changes during pregnancy make the individuals more susceptible to severe respiratory diseases. Hence, pregnant women with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are likely at a higher risk. We investigated the effects of COVID-19 on T cell response and serum cytokine profile in pregnant patients.

Prognostic potential of circulating cell free mitochondrial DNA levels in COVID-19 patients.

Background: In viral infections, mitochondria act as one of the main hubs of the pathogenesis. Recent findings present new insights into the potential role of circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA (ccf-mtDNA) in COVID-19 pathogenesis by the induction of immune response and aggressive cytokine storm in SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Methods And Results: The levels of ccf-mtDNA were investigated in 102 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 using the quantitative PCR (q-PCR) method.

Berberine-induced glucagon-like peptide-1 and its mechanism for controlling type 2 diabetes mellitus: a comprehensive pathway review.

Introduction: A growing number of studies have thus far showed the association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and the intestinal microbiome homoeostasis. As reported, the gut microflora can be significantly different in patients with type 2 DM (T2DM) compared to those in healthy individuals.

Methods: The authors collected the relevant articles published until 2022 and these are carefully selected from three scientific databases based on keywords.

Lipid Profile as a Predictive Marker for Organ Dysfunction after Thoracoabdominal Surgery: A Cross-sectional Study.

Background: Plasma total cholesterol is considered a negative acute phase reactant. In various pathological conditions, such as trauma, sepsis, burns, and liver dysfunction, as well as post-surgery, serum cholesterol level decreases. This study aimed to investigate the role of lipid profiles in determining the probability of organ dysfunction after surgery.

A comprehensive insight into the molecular and cellular mechanisms of action of resveratrol on complications of sepsis a systematic review.

Sepsis and septic shock are still one of the most important medical challenges. Sepsis is an extreme and uncontrolled response of the innate immune system to invading pathogenesis. Resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxytrans-stilbene), is a phenolic and non-flavonoid compound naturally produced by some plants and fruits.

SARS-CoV2 infection induce miR-155 expression and skewed Th17/Treg balance by changing SOCS1 level: A clinical study.

Background: One of the regulators in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus2 (SARS-CoV2) infection is miRNAs. In COVID-19 patients, immunological responses to SARS-CoV2 infection may be impacted by miR-155, a miRNA associated to inflammation.

Materials And Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 50 confirmed COVID-19 patients /Healthy Controls (HCs) was isolated by Ficoll.

Association between leukocyte telomere length and COVID-19 severity.

Background: Inter-individual variations in the clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection are among the challenging features of COVID-19. The known role of telomeres in cell proliferation and immune competency highlights their possible function in infectious diseases. Variability in telomere length is an invaluable parameter in the heterogeneity of the clinical presentation of diseases.

Prognostic values of modified NUTRIC score to assess outcomes in critically ill patients admitted to the intensive care units: prospective observational study.

Purpose: Modified Nutrition Risk in the Critically Ill (NUTRIC) score (mNUTRIC score) have been validated as screening tool for quantifying risk of adverse outcome critically ill patients admitted to the intensive care units (ICUs). The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of mNUTRIC score to assess outcomes in this population.

Materials And Methods: This prospective, observational study was conducted on adult patients admitted to the general ICUs of two university affiliated hospital in northwest of Iran.

Diagnostic value of an increase in central venous pressure during SBT for prediction of weaning failure in mechanically ventilated patients: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Timely and successful extubation is an essential step forward in clinical practice to minimize complications of mechanical ventilation and unsuccessful weaning processes. Thus, research into predictive factors of weaning outcome to optimize spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) precision before extubation is critical in intensive care practices. In this study, we aimed to investigate the predictive factors of the weaning outcome before and during SBT in mechanically ventilated patients.

Efficient dispersive solid-phase extraction of methylprednisolone from exhaled breath of COVID-19 patients.

In the current study, bismuth ferrite nano-sorbent was synthesized and utilized as a sorbent for the dispersive solid-phase extraction of methylprednisolone from exhaled breath samples. The size and morphology of the nano-sorbent were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy. Following its desorption with acetonitrile, methylprednisolone was quantified by a high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detector.

Sirolimus- and cyclosporine-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers: Development, characterization, and in vitro evaluation in T-cell profiles of patients with a history of recurrent pregnancy loss.

Purpose: The authors developed nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) loaded with sirolimus (SRL) and cyclosporine (CsA) to improve their therapeutic efficacy in recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) patients.

Methods: Mono-delivery and co-delivery of SRL and CsA by NLCs (S-NLCs, C-NLCs, and S-C-NLCs) were developed. The MTT assay was used to study the optimum dose of formulations.

Taurine in Septic Critically Ill Patients: Plasma versus Blood.

Sepsis and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) encompass various problems throughout the body, and two of its major problems are the creation of oxidative substances in the body and decrease of the body's antioxidant capacity to deal with the stress and organ damage. Optimal enteral nutrition fortified with antioxidant or immunomodulator amino acid is a hot topic concerning sepsis in the critical care setting. Taurine plays a protective role as an antioxidant in cells that is likely to have a protective role in inflammation and cytotoxicity.

Global burden of lower respiratory infections during the last three decades.

Background: Lower respiratory infections (LRIs) cause a substantial mortality, morbidity and economic burden. The present study reported the global, regional and national burden of LRIs and their attributable risk factors in 204 countries and territories, between 1990 and 2019, by age, sex, etiology, and Socio-demographic Index (SDI).

Methods: Using publicly available data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2019, we reported the incidence, deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), due to LRIs.