The cardio-renal-anemia syndrome in elderly subjects with heart failure and a normal ejection fraction: a comparison with heart failure and low ejection fraction.

The prevalence and severity of anemia and renal dysfunction in heart failure patients with a normal ejection fraction (HFNEF) is uncharacterized. Two hundred eighty-five consecutive patients admitted to a community hospital with heart failure were stratified by the presence or absence of anemia and a normal or reduced ejection fraction. Comparisons of clinical variables were performed.