Epidemiology of bacteremia caused by uncommon non-fermentative gram-negative bacteria.

Background: Prevalence of bacteremia caused by non-fermentative gram-negative bacteria (NFGNB) has been increasing over the past decade. Although many studies have already investigated epidemiology of NFGNB bacteremia, most focused only on common NFGNB including Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) and Acinetobacter baumannii (AB). Knowledge of uncommon NFGNB bacteremia is very limited.

Molecular characterization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and its correlation with clinical laboratory standards institute interpretive criteria for disk diffusion susceptibility testing in enterobacteriaceae isolates in Thaialnd.

We performed extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) phenotypic testing and molecular characterization of three ESBL genes (TEM, SHV and CTX-M) and susceptibility testing by Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) disk diffusion method against three cephalosporins (ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, cefepime) and a cephamycin (cefoxitin) among 128 Thai Escherichia coli and 84 Thai Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates. ESBL production was discovered in 62% of E. coli and 43% of K.

MRSA carriage in a tertiary governmental hospital in Thailand: emphasis on prevalence and molecular epidemiology.

We investigated prevalence and risk factors for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in a case-control study performed in a 900-bed tertiary governmental healthcare facility in Bangkok, Thailand. Multivariate unconditional logistic regression was used to identify risk profiles for MRSA carriage. Phage typing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), polymorphisms of the coa and spa genes, hypervariable region (HVR) of SCCmec, multi-locus sequence typing (MLST), and identification of ST30/ST8 mosaic chromosome by heteroduplex-polymerase chain reaction (heteroduplex-PCR) were used to demonstrate a clonal relationship.

An overview of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns for gram-negative bacteria from the National Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Thailand (NARST) program from 2000 to 2005.

The National Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Thailand (NARST) has been initiated since 1998 to strengthen the surveillance program for antimicrobial-resistant pathogens as well as to standardize the laboratory practices in Thailand. This collaborative network was funded by the World Health Organization, and involved 33 hospitals throughout Thailand at the first phase. Nevertheless, no prior effort has been made to share the antimicrobial resistance data in the national level.

Shigella species and serotypes among clinical isolates in Thailand from 2001 to 2005.

Objective: To study the species and the serotypes of the clinical isolates of Shigella obtained from patients in Thailand.

Material And Method: The World Health Organization National Salmonella and Shigella Center Thailand, had confirmed the species and performed serotype identification of 1,913 clinical isolates of Shigella collected from the laboratory network of Department of Medical Sciences and the collaborated hospitals across Thailand from 2001 to 2005.

Results: Between the year 2001 and 2005, 728, 481, 160, 247, 297 clinical isolates were tested, respectively.

National Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, Thailand (NARST) data among clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Thailand from 2000 to 2005.

Objective: To determine the prevalence, clinical epidemiology, and antimicrobial susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Thailand from 2000 to 2005.

Material And Method: Using WHONET data from 28 hospitals participating in the National Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Thailand (NARST) program, all data were reviewed and analyzed for the prevalence, clinical epidemiology, and antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa from 2000 to 2005.

Antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli isolated from urine in Thailand from 2000 to 2005.

Objective: To study the trends of antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli in Thailand during 2000 and 2005.

Material And Method: All isolates of E. coli from 28 hospitals across Thailand from 2000 to 2005 were tested for their susceptibility to aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole by the disk diffusion method (Kirby Bauer).

Five-year surveillance for Burkholderia pseudomallei in Thailand from 2000 to 2004: prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility.

Objective: To determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Burkholderia pseudomallei isolates in Thailand from 2000 to 2004.

Material And Method: the data on WHONET from 28 hospitals participated in the National Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Thailand (NARST) surveillance program, was reviewed and analyzed for the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns.

Results: During the five-year surveillance, the prevalence of B.

National antimicrobial resistance surveillance among clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Thailand.

As part of the continuing national antimicrobial surveillance, the national antimicrobial resistance surveillance thailand (NARST), data of all clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae were collected from 28 hospitals in Thailand from 2000 to 2005. Epidemiological and microbiological data were obtained and analyzed using the WHONET software program. Among all isolates tested for antimicrobial susceptibility, the rates of penicillin resistance were constantly high, ranging from 42.

Antimicrobial resistance among clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus in Thailand from 2000 to 2005.

From 2000 to 2005, the data of all clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus including methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) from 28 hospitals in the National Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, Thailand (NARST) program were reviewed and analyzed for the prevalence and pattern of antimicrobial susceptibility by WHONET software program.

Antimicrobial susceptibility of enterococci in Thailand from 2000 to 2005.

Objective: To determine the trends of antimicrobial susceptibility of enterococci in Thailand from 2000 to 2005.

Material And Method: All enterococcal isolates from sterile site obtained from 28 hospitals in Thailand from 2000 to 2005 were tested for their susceptibility to ampicillin, high-level gentamicin, and vancomycin by the disk diffusion (Kirby Bauer) method. The relevant data were collected and analyzed by WHONET software program supported by the World Health Organization.

An overview of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of gram-positive bacteria from National Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Thailand (NARST) program from 2000 to 2005.

In this overview, the authors summarize the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of important Gram-positive bacteria from the National Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Thailand (NARST) program between 2000 and 2005 as well as the clinical implications. This collaborative network program was funded by the World Health Organization, and involved 33 hospitals throughout Thailand. There are rising trends of drug-resistant S.

Antimicrobial resistance surveillance of Vibrio cholerae in Thailand from 2000 to 2004.

Objective: To study the trends of antimicrobial resistance pattern of Vibrio cholerae in Thailand between 2000 and 2004.

Material And Method: All isolates of Vibrio cholerae from 28 hospitals across Thailand between 2000 and 2004 were tested for their susceptibility to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, norfloxacin, tetracycline and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole by the disk diffusion method (Kirby Bauer). The relevant data were collected and analyzed by the WHONET software program supported by the World Health Organization (WHO).

Long-term study of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases.

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence and susceptibility pattern of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) in Thailand from 2000 to 2005.

Material And Method: Data on the WHONET, from 28 hospitals participated in the National Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, Thailand surveillance program, were reviewed and analyzed for the prevalence and susceptibility pattern.

Results: During the five-year surveillance from 2000 to 2005, the prevalence of ESBL-producing E.

Antimicrobial resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii: six years of National Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Thailand (NARST) surveillance.

Objective: To determine the prevalence, clinical epidemiology, and antimicrobial susceptibilities of Acinetobacter baumannii in Thailand from 2000 to 2005.

Material And Method: Twenty-eight hospitals participated in the National Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Thailand program. All data were reviewed and analyzed for the prevalence, clinical epidemiology, and antimicrobial susceptibilities of the clinical isolates of A.

Vancomycin overuse in Siriraj Hospital.

Objective: An emergence of vancomycin resistant organisms particularly vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) has become a serious public health concern. To prevent and control the spread of vancomycin resistant organisms, the prudent use of vancomycin is strongly recommended by the Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC).

Material And Method: A 6-week prospective observational study of vancomycin use was conducted in hospitalized patients at Siriraj Hospital from February to March 2005.

Early-onset prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by Inquilinus sp.

Inquilinus is the newly described genus and has never been recognized as a cause of infective endocarditis. We report a case of early-onset prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by Inquilinus sp. in a tetralogy of Fallot patient who presented with heart failure.

Macrolide resistance and genotypic characterization of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Asian countries: a study of the Asian Network for Surveillance of Resistant Pathogens (ANSORP).

Objectives: To characterize mechanisms of macrolide resistance among Streptococcus pneumoniae from 10 Asian countries during 1998-2001.

Methods: Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of the isolates and their resistance mechanisms.

Results: Of 555 isolates studied, 216 (38.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection among HIV/AIDS patients in Thailand: clinical manifestations and outcomes.

A one year retrospective study, was conducted at Bamrasnaradura Hospital, Nonthaburi Province, Bangkok, Thailand, of 271 subjects with both TB and HIV/AIDS. Single males (median age group 31 to 40 years) were most likely to develop co-infection. The commonest clinical manifestations on initial presentation included a low grade fever, cough, weight loss, lymphadenopathy with pancytopenia, and lung infiltrates.

Antimicrobial resistance among respiratory pathogens collected in Thailand during 1999-2000.

A multi-center surveillance study was conducted in Thailand during 1999-2000 to determine antimicrobial susceptibilities among the respiratory pathogens Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 206), Haemophilus influenzae (n = 305), and Moraxella catarrhalis (n = 39). Of the S. pneumoniae isolates collected, 33.

Carriage of antibiotic-resistant pneumococci among Asian children: a multinational surveillance by the Asian Network for Surveillance of Resistant Pathogens (ANSORP).

To investigate the nasal carriage of antibiotic-resistant pneumococci by children, anterior nasal swabs were done for 4963 children <5 years old in 11 countries in Asia and the Middle East. In total, 1105 pneumococci isolates (carriage rate, 22.3%) were collected, 35.

Efficacy and safety of twice daily administration of cefpirome in the empiric treatment of sepsis.

Cefpirome is a fourth-generation cephalosporin with good activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. A multicentre trial was performed to study the efficacy and safety of cefpirome 2 g twice daily in the treatment of sepsis. Sixty-three cases were recruited from 10 hospitals from April 1996 to January 1998.

Spread of drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in Asian countries: Asian Network for Surveillance of Resistant Pathogens (ANSORP) Study.

Antimicrobial susceptibility of 996 isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae from clinical specimens was investigated in 11 Asian countries from September 1996 to June 1997. Korea had the greatest frequency of nonsusceptible strains to penicillin with 79.7%, followed by Japan (65.

Empirical antibiotic therapy in febrile neutropenic patients with single-daily dose amikacin plus ceftriaxone.

Hematologic malignancies and cancer patients who become neutropenic as a result of disease or myelosuppressive cytotoxic therapy are at a high risk of developing life-threatening infections, and hence empirical antibiotic therapy is administered promptly. We investigated once daily regimen of amikacin, for dose-dependent bactericidal activity and post-antibiotic effects, plus ceftriaxone, with a long-half life to maximise time-dependent bactericidal activity. Microbiologically proven septicemia were 11 out of 49 febrile episodes (22.