Bioassay guided fractionation, isolation and characterization of hepatotherapeutic 1, 3-di-ortho-galloyl quinic acid from the methanol extract of the leaves of Pterocarpus santalinoides.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Leaf extracts of Pterocarpus santalinoides DC are traditionally used to ameliorate ageing-related ailments such as heart and liver diseases, and have been reported to be protective against toxic injuries to the liver.

Aim Of The Study: This study aimed to isolate and characterize the hepatoprotective/hepatotherapeutic principle in the methanol leaf extract of P. santalinoides.

A review of the mechanisms of anti-cancer activities of some medicinal plants-biochemical perspectives.

Cancer is a disease resulting in unbridled growth of cells due to dysregulation in the balance of cell populations. Various management procedures in handling cases of cancer are not without their adverse side effects on the normal cells. Medicinal plants/herbs have been in use in the management of various ailments, including cancer, for a long time.

Jejunal Ectopic Pancreas: A Rare Cause of Small Intestinal Mass.

Ectopic pancreas (EP) is defined as the presence of pancreatic tissue outside the pancreas with no anatomical connection to the pancreas. It is also known as pancreatic heterotopia, accessory pancreas, aberrant pancreas, or pancreatic rest. The first case of EP was described in 1727 when pancreatic tissue was identified in the ileal diverticulum.

Histological Pattern of Endometrial Biopsies in Women with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in a Hospital in North Central Nigeria.

The study is a retrospective cross-sectional study carried out in the Department of Pathology of Premier Hospital, Abuja, on specimens received over a one-year period. Four hundred and eighty-six samples of endometrial biopsies and curettings from women presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding sent to the histopathology laboratory were analyzed. The most common biopsies were those of product of conception which accounted for 304 cases (62.

The effects of sub-chronic administration of sub-lethal doses of amitraz/xylene on selected reproductive parameters of male Wistar rats.

This study investigated the effects of sub-chronic administration of sub-lethal doses of amitraz on some testicular parameters of Albino rats. Twenty-four adult male Albino rats (100 ± 10 g) randomly assigned into four groups were used for the study. Groups A, B and C received 10.

17-Norpimaranes and (9βH)-17-Norpimaranes from the Tuber of Icacina trichantha.

Seven new 17-norpimarane and (9βH)-17-norpimarane diterpenoids, icacinlactones A-G (1-7), were isolated from the tuber of Icacina trichantha. The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic and HRMS techniques, and the absolute configuration of 2 was determined by means of X-ray crystallographic analysis. Compounds 1-7, as well as four known related structures, were evaluated for cytotoxic activity against MDA-MB-435 (human melanoma cancer), MDA-MB-231 (human breast cancer), and OVCAR3 (human ovarian cancer) cell lines.

Antidiabetic, antilipidemic, and antioxidant activities of Gouania longipetala methanol leaf extract in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.

Context: Gouania longipetala Hemsl. (Rhamnaceae) is used in folkloric medicine for treating diabetes mellitus and its associated symptoms.

Objective: This study evaluated the antidiabetic antilipidemic and antioxidant activities of the plant methanol leaf extract.

Acute and sub-chronic toxicity profile of methanol leaf extract of Gouania longipetala in rats.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Gouania longipetala leaves are commonly used in folkloric medicine in Africa and other parts of the world for treatment of edema, febrifuges, veneral diseases, lumbago, heart diseases, diabetes mellitus malaria, etc. This study therefore evaluated safety profile of the methanol leaf extract of the plant using acute and sub-chronic studies in rat model.

Materials And Methods: Acute toxicity test of the plant lasted for 48 h with oral administration of graded doses (100-4000 mg/kg) of Gouania longipetala extract (GLE) in rats.

Gongronema latifolium delays gastric emptying of semi-solid meals in diabetic dogs.

The aim of the study was to investigate sonographically the effect of Gongronema latifolium on gastric emptying of semi-solid meals in diabetic dogs. Twenty-five alloxan-induced diabetic dogs were randomly allotted into five groups of five dogs each in a randomised placebo-controlled study. These are placebo, prokinetic dose, low dose, moderate dose and high dose groups.

Effect of Gongronema latifolium on gastric emptying in healthy dogs.

Aim: To investigate sonographically the effect of Gonogronema latifolium (G. latifolium) on gastric emptying of semi-solid meals in healthy dogs.

Methods: In a randomized, placebo-controlled experiment, twenty-five clinically healthy dogs were randomly allotted into five groups of five dogs in each group.

The antidiabetic activities of the methanolic root bark extract of Afzelia africana in alloxan-induced diabetic mice.

The methanolic root bark extract of Afzelia africana was tested for antidiabetic activities in-vivo. The acute toxicity of the extract was tested in mice and the result showed that the extract has low toxicity. Investigation on the phytochemical constituents of the plant extract revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, steroids and saponins.

Anti-diabetic activities of the methanol leaf extracts of Hymenocardia acida (tul.) in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.

The effect of methanolic extract of Hymenocardia acida leaves on diabetes and associated lipidemia were investigated on experimentally-induced diabetic rats. The extract did not demonstrate any acutely toxic effect in rats within the dose range (250 mg/kg - 2000 mg/kg) employed in the study; hence it was well tolerated by the rats. In all experiments, the anti-diabetic effects were dose-dependent and comparable to that of glibenclamide (2 mg/kg) standard.

The effects of combination of methanolic leaf extract of Azadirachta indica and diminazene diaceturate in the treatment of experimental Trypanosoma brucei brucei infection in rats.

Objective: To investigate the effects of combination therapy of methanolic leaf extract of Azadirachta indica (A. indica) and diminazene diaceturate (DDA) in the treatment of experimental Trypanosoma brucei brucei (T. brucei brucei) infection in rats.

Glucose uptake-enhancing activity of the ethyl acetate extract of Dennettia tripetala in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

Glucose uptake-enhancing activity of the ethyl acetate extract of Dennettia tripetala (EDT) was investigated using 3T3-L1 adipocytes. EDT yielded 4.43 percent w/w dry matter, showed the presence of alkaloids and flavonoids, contained calcium, iron, zinc, magnesium, copper and manganese.

Investigation of the antitrypanosomal activity of Buchholzia coriacea seed extract against a field strain of Trypanosoma congolense.

The antitrypanosomal activity of the methanol extract of Buchholzia coriacea seed against a field strain of Trypanosoma congolense was investigated using experimentally infected mice of both sexes. Monitoring of parasitaemia was by the rapid matching technique. When parasitaemia was approximately log 7.

Sub-chronic toxicity of Senilia senilis hepatopancreas in albino Wistar mice.

This study investigates the sub-chronic effects of shellfish possibly contaminated by algal toxins in albino Wistar mice. Following in-feed treatment with hepatopancreas, there were significant (p < 0.05) differences in packed cell volume, haemoglobin concentration, red blood cell count, lymphocyte count and alanine aminotransferase between the different treatment groups and control.

'Diarrhetic' type shellfish poisoning in Nigeria.

The safety of shellfish found and consumed in Nigeria is doubtful because no investigations have been carried out on their toxicity. The occurrence and toxicity of toxins in the commonly consumed Nigerian shellfish from Lagos, Warri, Oron, and Port Harcourt (PH) were investigated. Albino Wistar mice treated with chloroform extract of hepatopancreas (HP) from PH shellfish died 7-8 min post treatment.

The anti-snake venom activities of the methanolic extract of the bulb of Crinum jagus (Amaryllidaceae).

The anti-snake venom activities of the methanolic extract of the bulb of Crinum jagus plant (Amaryllidaceae) were investigated in vitro and in vivo against the venoms of three notable snake species: Echis ocellatus, Bitis arietans and Naja nigricollis. The extract was prepared by cold marceration in 50% methanol at 37 degrees C with intermittent shaking for 48 h. An yield of 12.

Investigations of the methanolic leaf extract of Costus afer. Ker for pharmacological activities in vitro and in vivo.

The methanolic leaf extract of Costus afer. Ker (family: Zingiberaceae) was investigated for some pharmacological effects in vivo and in vitro. Brine shrimp lethality test showed that the extract was significantly (p < 0.

The antisnake venom activities of Parkia biglobosa (Mimosaceae) stem bark extract.

Snake bites in rural Nigeria are commonly treated with plant extracts. We have studied the ability of one such traditionally used plant (Parkia biglobosa; [Jacq.] Benth.

A preliminary evaluation of antifertility activity of a triterpenoid glycoside (DSS) from Dalbergia saxatilis in female Wistar rats.

Antifertility activity of a triterpenoid glycoside, DSS, isolated from the root of Dalbergia saxatilis was investigated in female Wistar rats of breeding age. When administered by gastric intubation at a dose rate of 200 mg kg(-1)body weight at the premating period, conception was inhibited in 71.4% of the treated animals.

The antiinflammatory activity of Icacina trichantha tuber.

Five fractions (hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate, methanol and water) of Icacina trichantha tuber were obtained by gradient solvent extraction and tested for their ability to inhibit the Croton oil-induced ear edema in mice. The most active fraction was the chloroform one which significantly inhibited ear edema in a dose-dependent manner, showing an ID50 (dose giving 50% edema inhibition) of 107 micrograms/cm2. The ID50 of the reference drug indomethacin was 93 micrograms/cm2.

The anthelmintic effects of the leaf extract of Ocimum gratissimum (L.).

The leaf extract (F005) of Ocimum gratissimum was isolated by a bioassay-guided chromatographic separation technique using the brine shrimp lethality test assay. The effects of various concentrations (0.5, 1.

Search for the centrally active component of Icacina trichantha tuber.

The chloroform extract of Icacina trichantha tuber was obtained after defatting with petroleum ether by overnight maceration. The extract gave a yield of 0.67% w/w after drying in a hot air oven at 40 °C.

The antiinflammatory activity of extracts from the root of Combretum dolichopetalum.

The methanol and chloroform extracts of the root of Combretum dolichopetalum were obtained and gave yields of 6.48% w/w and 0.38% w/w respectively.