Clinical utility and safety of a trapezoid-shaped electrode placement for evaluating the mesio-basal temporal lobe during epilepsy surgery.

A trapezoid-shaped electrode (TSE) is used for detecting epileptogenicity in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). However, the utility and safety associated with TSE placement have not been reported. In this study, we evaluated the safety and usefulness of TSE by analyzing the seizure detection, surgical outcomes and complications in patients with TLE who underwent intracranial electrodes (ICE) placement.

Mechanical Thrombectomy and Parent Artery Occlusion for Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion Due to Vertebral Fracture and Artery Dissection: A Case Report.

Objective: Basilar artery occlusion (BAO) secondary to traumatic vertebral artery (VA) dissection caused by vertebral fracture is a rare cause of acute ischemic stroke, and optimal management, such as antithrombotic agents, surgical fixation, and parent artery occlusion (PAO), has been controversial. We report a case in which mechanical thrombectomy and PAO were performed for a BAO due to right VA dissection caused by a transverse foramen fracture of the axis vertebra.

Case Presentation: A patient in her 80s suffered from a backward fall, and a neck CT revealed a fracture and dislocation of the right lateral mass of the axis and a compressed transverse foramen.

Chemogenetic attenuation of cortical seizures in nonhuman primates.

Epilepsy is a disorder in which abnormal neuronal hyperexcitation causes several types of seizures. Because pharmacological and surgical treatments occasionally interfere with normal brain function, a more focused and on-demand approach is desirable. Here we examined the efficacy of a chemogenetic tool-designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs)-for treating focal seizure in a nonhuman primate model.

[Electrocorticography for the Evaluation of Focus Resection].

Electrocorticography(ECoG)with intracranial electrodes has a higher spatial resolution and higher sensitivity than conventional electroencephagrahy. Chronic VIDEO-ECoG with subdural grid electrodes has been used to determine the resection border of epileptic focus, and to evaluate cortical function prior to resective surgery. Recording multiple seizures is necessary to determine whether they are the same as habitual seizures and whether they are reproducible, to allow subsequent identification of the seizure onset zone.

Validity of intraoperative ECoG in the parahippocampal gyrus as an indicator of hippocampal epileptogenicity.

Purpose: Intraoperative electrocorticography (ECoG) in the parahippocampal gyrus is sometimes used as a substitute for intraoperative ECoG in the hippocampus. This study aimed to elucidate the validity of parahippocampal ECoG as an indicator of hippocampal epileptogenicity.

Methods: We retrospectively identified 10 patients with drug-resistant unilateral mesial temporal lobe epilepsy who achieved Engel class I or II after anteromedial temporal lobectomy.

Recovery of Visual Loss Following Internal Trapping of Anterior Cerebral Artery (A1 Segment) for Partially Thrombosed Large Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysm: A Case Report.

A 60-year-old woman, who experienced progressive right visual loss, was diagnosed with an unruptured large cerebral aneurysm. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and angiography revealed a large partially thrombosed anterior communicating artery (Acom) aneurysm. The aneurysmal neck was located at the junction of the left A1-A2 segments, and the aneurysmal dome communicated with the right A1-A2 junction by the Acom.

Neurodegenerative processes accelerated by protein malnutrition and decelerated by essential amino acids in a tauopathy mouse model.

Protein malnutrition is epidemiologically suggested as a potential risk factor for senile dementia, although molecular mechanisms linking dietary proteins and amino acids to neurodegeneration remain unknown. Here, we show that a low-protein diet resulted in down-regulated expression of synaptic components and a modest acceleration of brain atrophy in mice modeling neurodegenerative tauopathies. Notably, these abnormal phenotypes were robustly rescued by the administration of seven selected essential amino acids.

Effects of sevoflurane anesthesia on intraoperative high-frequency oscillations in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy.

Purpose: This is a cross-sectional study without an unexposed group. We elucidated the effects of sevoflurane anesthesia on high-frequency oscillations (HFOs) to examine the usefulness of assessing intraoperative HFOs.

Methods: We recorded electrocorticography in seven patients with medication-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) caused by unilateral hippocampal sclerosis who were seizure-free after temporal lobectomy.

Rab27a targeting to melanosomes requires nucleotide exchange but not effector binding.

Rab GTPases are important determinants of organelle identity and regulators of vesicular transport pathways. Consequently, each Rab occupies a highly specific subcellular localization. However, the precise mechanisms governing Rab targeting remain unclear.