Vortioxetine improved schizophrenia-like behavioral deficits in a Poly I:C-induced maternal immune activation model of schizophrenia in rats.

Background: Several studies provide clear evidence that exposure to various infections during pregnancy are linked with an increased risk for schizophrenia. In preclinical studies, administration of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C) in pregnant rodents can induce maternal immune activation leading to impairments in brain function in the offspring.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of vortioxetine, a multimodal selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), in the pathophysiology of Poly I:C-induced schizophrenia-like model in rats.

The effect of magnesium sulfate on memory and anxiety-like behavior in a rat model: an investigation of its neuronal molecular mechanisms.

Background: Anxiety is an adaptive response to potentially threatening conditions. Excessive and uncontrolled anxiety responses become nonadaptive and cause anxiety disorders. To better understand the anxiety-modulating effects of Mg sulfate, behavioral test batteries in the assessment of anxiety and learning and memory functions were performed simultaneously over a time period.

The long-lasting effects of aceclofenac, a COX-2 inhibitor, in a Poly I:C-Induced maternal immune activation model of schizophrenia in rats.

It is well established that rats exposed to inflammation during pregnancy or the perinatal period have an increased chance of developing schizophrenia-like symptoms and behaviors, and people with schizophrenia also have raised levels of inflammatory markers. Therefore, there is evidence supporting the idea that anti-inflammatory drugs may have therapeutic benefits. Aceclofenac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that has anti-inflammatory properties and is used clinically to treat inflammatory and painful processes such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, making it a potential candidate for preventive or adjunctive therapy in schizophrenia.

Group I mGluRs positive allosteric modulators improved schizophrenia-related behavioral and molecular deficits in the Poly I:C rat model.

Rationale: Maternal polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C) exposure leads to an increase in various proinflammatory cytokines and causes schizophrenia-like symptoms in offspring. In recent years, group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) have emerged as a potential target in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.

Objectives: The aim of our study was to investigate the behavioral and molecular changes by using the mGlu1 receptor positive allosteric modulator (PAM) agent RO 67-7476, and the negative allosteric modulator (NAM) agent JNJ 16259685 and the mGlu5 receptor PAM agent VU-29, and NAM agent fenobam in the Poly I:C-induced schizophrenia model in rats.

Investigation of antinociceptive effects of vitamin D and EB1089 in rats.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of vitamin D on pain threshold in rats. In addition, to examine, whether EB1089, which is a vitamin D receptor agonist, can contribute to this mechanism by increasing the effects of the receptor.

Methods: In the study, 24 male Wistar Albino rats of 3 months, an average of 240-260 g, were used.

Effects of post-learning REM sleep deprivation on hippocampal plasticity-related genes and microRNA in mice.

Sleep is essential for memory consolidation that stabilizes a memory trace. Memory consolidation includes waves of new gene expression and protein synthesis. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as critical regulators of memory processes.

Effects of age and anxiety on learning and memory.

This study aims to investigate the effects of age and anxiety on behavior, learning and memory in rats. Before and after the anxiety and learning tests, locomotor activity, exploratory activity and autonomic functions of the rats were tested in open field area. At the beginning and at the end of behavior tests, urines were collected so as to determine 5-hydroxyindolaceticacid (5-HIAA) levels.

Effect of hyperglycemia on electrodermal activity in diabetic rats.

This study investigated the relationship between hyperglycemia and electrodermal activity (EDA) parameters in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. The article evaluates the course of development of neurophysiological alterations in the peripheral nervous system in diabetic rats through EDA. Rats were made diabetic using a moderate dose of STZ (DI) and high dose (DII).

Ketamine reduces lidocaine-induced seizures in mice.

Systemic toxic reactions to local anesthetics are brought about by absolute overdosage, and, most commonly, inadvertent intravascular injections. The anti-convulsant action of ketamine has been studied. However, the effect of ketamine on lidocaine-induced convulsions has not been reported.

Effects of pentylenetetrazole-induced status epilepticus on behavior, emotional memory and learning in immature rats.

Status epilepticus (SE) can be harmful to the developing brain. Our knowledge of the emotional and behavioral consequences of generalized SE in developing animals remains limited. Therefore, we investigated the short- and long-term effects of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced SE on emotional memory and learning and behavioral parameters in immature rats.

Sex-related differences in time estimation and the role of expectancy.

In this study, using auditory sequences, the authors designed an examination with three phases of stimulus-driven attention that is based on the possibility that involuntarily time shifts of attention are caused by nonunique stimulus properties. The purpose was to investigate whether attending and temporal expectancies are influenced by stimulus's properties and by sex. In each phase, an auditory stimulus train was presented, and the participant was asked to tap rhythmically in order to anticipate every fifth stimulus (or, in the third phase, the lack of it).

The effects of pentylenetetrazole-induced status epilepticus on behavior, emotional memory, and learning in rats.

Status epilepticus (SE) can cause spatial learning, memory, and behavioral deficits; however, little information is available, especially regarding the effects of such seizures on emotional memory and learning functions. We investigated the effects of SE on emotional memory, learning, and behavior in mature rats over short and long periods. SE was induced in 50- to 60-day-old rats (P50-P60) using intraperitoneal injections of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ, n = 20); control rats received saline (n = 10).

Effects of cigarette smoking on cognitive processing.

Several previous studies have reported that cigarette smoking enhances performance of cognitive processing. These enhancements are generally attributed to the pharmacological effects of nicotine, while there is some debate whether the effects of smoking/nicotine are a result of recovery from abstinence. Evoked potentials (EPs) and event related potentials (ERPs) of the brain have been applied as an index of information processing in a wide variety of normal and cognitive impaired subjects.

Evaluation of auditory evoked potentials from the inferior colliculus in rat.

This study aimed to investigate the usefulness of auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) in rats. To this end, N1, P2 latencies, and the N1-P2 amplitude of responses to different acoustic stimuli from rats, which were implanted with permanent electrodes in the inferior colliculus (IC), were evaluated and used to demonstrate the frequency characteristics of IC region. Permanent electrodes were implanted in IC regions of 7 male albino rats by the stereotaxic method.