[Metabolism of fatty acids with an odd number of carbon atoms].

The paper is concerned with main results of investigations and data available in literature on the metabolism of higher odd-numbered fatty acids significant for elucidating the role of these acids in the animal organism at the neo- and postnatal developmental stages. Special attention is paid to the relation between the metabolism of fatty acids, propionate and phospholipids. Labelled 14C from [2- 14C] propionate is shown to incorporate into choline of the liver and brain phospholipids of the rats aged 21 days (the period of intensive myelinization).

[Direct evidence of the role of propionate in choline synthesis in rats].

Wistar rats were injected with 2-14C-propionate in a dose of 30 mu Ci/100 g bw, 2 h after food intake. Two hours after isotope injection the rats were decapitated to determine specific radioactivity (SR) in liver and brain lipids, in liver phosphatidylcholine (PC) and its structural components. The label was incorporated in liver lipids in a far greater amount.

[Effect of cooling and of subsequent self-heating on the content of unesterified fatty acids and ketone bodies in rat blood and organs].

Deep cooling was shown to increase distinctly the content of unesterified fatty acids in blood, liver and internal tissues of rats. Ketones were also markedly increased in blood after the cooling and within the first subsequent hours when the animals were kept at room temperature. Composition and the ratio of main saturated and unsaturated fatty acids were considerably altered in the experimental animals.

[Role of the enterohepatic circulation of endogenous lipids in food lipid absorption].

In preliminarily operated dogs with fistulas in stomach and different portions of the small intestine, the liver-intestinal circulation of endogenous phospholipids and cholesterine aided to form the chimus all the lipid fractions of which were absorbed proportionally. The recirculation of endogenous lipids seems to be one of the physiological mechanisms of lipid absorption from food in the small intestine.

[Homeostatic influence of the lipid composition of the chyme and the effect of the correlation of basic lipid classes on the intensity of their absorption in the small intestine].

Experiments on normal unanesthetized polyfistulous dogs kept on a mixed diet were made to study the basal lipid ratios of the duodenal and small intestinal chyme. It was shown that the duodenal and small intestinal chyme underwent homeostasis as regards the basal lipid class at the expense of the adding endogenous lipids to digestive juices. The ratios mentioned did not change substantially as a result of lipid absorption during exposure of the chyme in an isolated part of the intestine.

[Treatment procedure with the middle-aged and elderly having fractures of the long tubular bones of the lower extremities].

The experience with the treatment of 202 patients older than 60 with fractures of long tubular bones of lower extremities is generalized. The operative intervention was fulfilled in 83 patients (41,1%), conservative treatment was conducted in 119 patients (58,9%). The problems of treatment of concomitant diseases and prophylaxis of complications are analyzed.

[Arachidonic acid biosynthesis in the rat small intestine].

Ability of epithelium of rat small intestine mucose to synthetize arachidonic acid was studied in vivo and in vitro. Linoleic acid and 2-14C-acetate were used as precursors. The fatty acids were fractionated using thin-layer chromatography on silica gel impregnated with AgNO3.

[Participation of the small intestine in intermediary lipid metabolism].

Data obtained in preliminarily operated healthy animals with the aid of a single or repeated lipid load achieved by means of heptadecan acid, showed that the C17:0 acid becomes involved in processes of lipid synthesis in the intestine epithelium, absorbed in the gastro-intestinal tract, and spread by the blood over different tissues, including the isolated loop of small intestine, in the form of various complex lipids. The small intestine appears to be a depot of lipids accumulating products which can be reabsorbed from the intestine lumen. As the depot reguires no hormonal or enzymatic mechanisms for mobilizing the resources, it has its advantages and is rather mobile.

[Role of the liver in lipid metabolism in the parenteral feeding of fatty emulsions].

Tests conducted on dogs furnished information on the participation of the liver in the metabolism of heptadecanoic acid and fat emulsion "Intralipid-20%" with two modes of their administration: into the systemic circulation (through. v. jugularis) and directly into v.