Checkpoint inhibitor responses can be regulated by the gut microbiota - A systematic review.

Background: Evidence suggests that the human gut microbiota modulates the treatment response of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in cancer. Thus, finding predictive biomarkers in the fecal gut microbiota of patients who are less likely to respond to ICI would be valuable. This systematic review aimed to investigate the association between fecal gut microbiota composition and ICI-treatment response in patients with cancer.

Deeper sections reveal residual tumor cells in rectal cancer specimens diagnosed with pathological complete response following neoadjuvant treatment.

Guidelines and requirements for diagnosing pathological complete response (pCR) in rectal adenocarcinoma following neoadjuvant treatment vary, and there is currently no consensus on the appropriate number of sections to examine per formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue block. The consequences of systematic use of deeper sections on the diagnostic accuracy and prognosis for patients classified as ypT0 rectal cancer were investigated. In this retrospective study, 23 out of 155 patients who underwent neoadjuvant therapy and surgical resection between 2015 and 2020 were diagnosed with ypT0 rectal cancer.

An exploration of immunohistochemistry-based prognostic markers in patients undergoing curative resections for colon cancer.

Background: The immune system recognizes and destroys cancer cells. However, cancer cells develop mechanisms to avoid detection by expressing cell surface proteins. Specific tumour cell surface proteins (e.

The gut microbiota can orchestrate the signaling pathways in colorectal cancer.

Current evidence suggests that bacteria contribute to the development of certain cancers, such as colorectal cancer (CRC), partly by stimulating chronic inflammation. However, little is known about the bacterial impact on molecular pathways in CRC. Recent studies have demonstrated how specific bacteria can influence the major CRC-related pathways, i.

[Increasing incidence of colorectal cancer in young patients].

For the past decades, an increase in the incidence of colorectal cancer in young patients has been reported in several countries, including Denmark, and efforts need to be taken in order to halt this tendency. This review characterises the clinical and pathological attributes of young patients with early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC). Risk factors such as smoking and sedentary lifestyle have been found to be associated with EOCRC.

In vivo and ex vivo sentinel node mapping does not identify the same lymph nodes in colon cancer.

Introduction: Identification of lymph nodes and pathological analysis is crucial for the correct staging of colon cancer. Lymph nodes that drain directly from the tumor area are called "sentinel nodes" and are believed to be the first place for metastasis. The purpose of this study was to perform sentinel node mapping in vivo with indocyanine green and ex vivo with methylene blue in order to evaluate if the sentinel lymph nodes can be identified by both techniques.

[Transscrotal and transurethral cholecystectomy: a meta-analysis].

Introduction: Patients treated with transvaginal cholecystectomy have less post-operative pain and improved cosmesis compared to patients treated with conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy. No systematic review or meta-analysis has been conducted focusing on similar beneficial surgeries for men. The aim of this meta-analysis was to compare transscrotal and transurethral cholecystectomy with conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy.