Serum and salivary inflammatory biomarkers in juvenile idiopathic arthritis-an explorative cross-sectional study.

Background: Biomarkers may be useful in monitoring disease activity in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). With new treatment options and treatment goals in JIA, there is an urgent need for more sensitive and responsive biomarkers.

Objective: We aimed to investigate the patterns of 92 inflammation-related biomarkers in serum and saliva in a group of Norwegian children and adolescents with JIA and controls and in active and inactive JIA.

Associations between maternal and offspring glucose metabolism: a 9-year follow-up of a randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: There is increasing evidence that the environment affects the health and disease risk of offspring throughout their lives. The long-term effect of maternal hyperglycaemia on offspring glucose metabolism is of interest in a public health perspective. The aim of this study was to examine the association between exposure to maternal glycaemia and offspring glucose metabolism.

The association between serum vitamin D status and dental caries or molar incisor hypomineralisation in 7-9-year-old Norwegian children: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Research focusing on the association between serum vitamin D and oral health outcomes in children, such as dental caries and molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH), shows inconsistent results. Previous studies have predominantly investigated dental caries and MIH as dichotomized outcomes, which limits the information on their distribution. In addition, the methods used for analysing serum vitamin D have varied.

Body composition in adults born preterm with very low birth weight.

Background: Studies on body composition in preterm very low birth weight (VLBW < 1500 g) survivors are inconsistent and trajectories later in life unknown. We assessed body composition and its change from young to mid-adulthood in VLBW adults.

Methods: We studied 137 VLBW adults and 158 term-born controls from two birth cohorts in Finland and Norway at mean age 36 years.

Irisin reduces orthodontic tooth movement in rats by promoting the osteogenic potential in the periodontal ligament.

Objectives: Positive effects of irisin on osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament (PDL) cells have been identified previously, this study aims to examine its effect on orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) in vivo.

Materials And Methods: The maxillary right first molars of male Wistar rats (n = 21) were moved mesially for 14 days, with submucosal injection of two dosages of irisin (0.1 or 1 μg) or phosphate-buffered saline (control) every third day.

Cerebrospinal fluid cytokines in geriatric patients with depressive disorders: A retrospective case-control study.

Central nervous system inflammation might play a role in patients with depressive disorders. This hypothesis is supported by studies reporting increased cerebrospinal fluid levels of the inflammatory markers interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in patients with ongoing depression. In this case-control study, we aimed to examine whether these findings also applied to depressed patients in a .

Acute Effects of Strength and Endurance Training on Bone Turnover Markers in Young Adults and Elderly Men.

Context: Exercise is recognized as an important strategy to prevent bone loss, but its acute effects on bone turnover markers (BTMs) and related markers remain uncertain.

Objective: To assess the acute effects of two different exercise modes on BTMs and related markers in young adults of both sexes and elderly men.

Design Setting Participants: This was a three-group crossover within-subjects design study with a total of 53 participants-19 young women (aged 22-30), 20 young men (aged 21-30 years), and 14 elderly men (aged 63-74 years)-performing two different exercise sessions [strength training (ST) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT)] separated by 2 weeks, in a supervised laboratory setting.

Diabetes Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors among Women in a Rural District of Nepal Using HbA1c as a Diagnostic Tool: A Population-Based Study.

Given the scarcity of data on diabetes prevalence and associated risk factors among women in rural Nepal, we aimed to examine this, using glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) as a diagnostic tool. A cross-sectional survey addressing reproductive health and non-communicable diseases was conducted in 2012-2013 among non-pregnant, married women in Bolde, a rural district of Nepal. HbA1c ≥ 6.

Vitamin D Status among Women in a Rural District of Nepal: Determinants and Association with Metabolic Profile-A Population-Based Study.

Hypovitaminosis D is prevalent worldwide, and especially in South-Asia. According to the Institute of Medicine (IOM), 25(OH)D levels below 30 nmol/L are defined as vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and levels between 30−50 nmol/L as insufficiency (VDI). Besides its role in calcium homeostasis, it has been postulated that vitamin D is involved in metabolic syndrome.

Maximal strength training-induced increase in efferent neural drive is not reflected in relative protein expression of SERCA.

Introduction: Maximal strength training (MST), performed with heavy loads (~ 90% of one repetition maximum; 1RM) and few repetitions, yields large improvements in efferent neural drive, skeletal muscle force production, and skeletal muscle efficiency. However, it is elusive whether neural adaptations following such high intensity strength training may be accompanied by alterations in energy-demanding muscular factors.

Methods: Sixteen healthy young males (24 ± 4 years) were randomized to MST 3 times per week for 8 weeks (n = 8), or a control group (CG; n = 8).

Evidence of impaired bone quality in men with type 1 diabetes: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is associated with substantial fracture risk. Bone mineral density (BMD) is, however, only modestly reduced, suggesting impaired bone microarchitecture and/or bone material properties. Yet, the skeletal abnormalities have not been uncovered.

Do patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease exhibit compromised bone quality prior to proton pump inhibitor therapy?

Patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are routinely treated with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), despite many reports of increased fracture risk associated with PPI use. Notably, the skeletal properties in patients with GERD prior to PPI therapy have not been addressed. We hypothesized that PPI-naïve GERD patients have bone impairment, and that short-term treatment with PPI has minimal skeletal effects.

MCP-1 is increased in patients with CFS and FM, whilst several other immune markers are significantly lower than healthy controls.

The role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of Fibromyalgia (FM) and Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is not clear. We have previously reported increased levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) in these patient groups compared to healthy controls and wanted to further explore the levels of circulating immune markers in these populations. The population consisted of three groups, 58 patients with FM, 49 with CFS and 54 healthy controls.

Gastric Corpus Mucosal Hyperplasia and Neuroendocrine Cell Hyperplasia, but not Spasmolytic Polypeptide-Expressing Metaplasia, Is Prevented by a Gastrin Receptor Antagonist in H/KATPase Beta Subunit Knockout Mice.

Proton pump inhibitor use is associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer, which may be mediated by hypergastrinemia. Spasmolytic polypeptide-expression metaplasia (SPEM) has been proposed as a precursor of gastric cancer. We have examined the effects of the gastrin receptor antagonist netazepide (NTZ) or vehicle on the gastric corpus mucosa of H/KATPase beta subunit knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice.

Cytokines in Relation to Motor Activity in an Acute Psychiatric Population.

Deviations in motor activity are important clinical features of several psychiatric disorders in an acute state. Immune activity is associated with several psychiatric disorders and may affect motor activity. We aimed to examine the association between immune activity measured as serum levels of cytokines and deviations in motor activity, in an acute psychiatric setting.

Smoking and other determinants of bone turnover.

The balance between bone resorption and formation may be assessed by measurement of bone turnover markers (BTMs), like carboxyl-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX-1) and procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide (P1NP). Smoking has been shown to influence bone turnover and to reduce bone mass density (BMD), the exact mechanism for this is, however, not settled. In this post-hoc study including 406 subjects (mean age 51.

Maternal serum retinol, 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D concentrations during pregnancy and peak bone mass and trabecular bone score in adult offspring at 26-year follow-up.

Background: Vitamin A and D deficiency is prevalent in pregnant women worldwide. Both vitamins are involved in fetal skeletal development. A positive association between maternal vitamin D levels and offspring bone mineral density (BMD) at adulthood has been observed.

Cytokines in agitated and non-agitated patients admitted to an acute psychiatric department: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Different psychiatric diagnostic groups have been reported to have cytokine levels deviating from healthy controls. In acute clinical settings however, the specific challenging symptoms and signs are more important than a diagnostic group. Thus, exploration of cytokines and immune activity and their role in specific symptoms is important.

Effects of vitamin D supplementation on bone turnover markers and other bone-related substances in subjects with vitamin D deficiency.

In observational studies, vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for low bone density and future fractures, whereas a causal relation has been difficult to show in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Similarly, vitamin D deficiency has been associated with increased bone turnover, but RCTs with vitamin D have not shown conclusive effects. This could be due to inclusion of vitamin D sufficient subjects and low vitamin D doses.

The effect of an exercise program in pregnancy on vitamin D status among healthy, pregnant Norwegian women: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Vitamin D insufficiency is common in pregnant women worldwide. Regular prenatal exercise is considered beneficial for maternal and fetal health. There is a knowledge gap regarding the impact of prenatal exercise on maternal vitamin D levels.

Metabolic Outcomes in Adults Born Preterm With Very Low Birthweight or Small for Gestational Age at Term: A Cohort Study.

Context And Objectives: Low birthweight (LBW) has emerged as a risk factor of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Whether adults with very low birthweight (VLBW) born preterm are at higher risk than individuals who were term-born small for gestational age (tb-SGA) is not established. We assessed metabolic outcomes, including relation with skeletal parameters, in these two LBW categories.

Adiponectin Reduces Bone Stiffness: Verified in a Three-Dimensional Artificial Human Bone Model .

Primary human osteoblasts and osteoclasts incubated in a rotating coculture system without any scaffolding material, form bone-like tissue that may be used to evaluate effects of various compounds on mechanical strength. Circulating adiponectin has been found to be negatively associated with BMD and strength and was therefore assessed in this system. Osteospheres of human osteoblasts and osteoclasts were generated with and without adiponectin.

Alterations in the vitamin D endocrine system during pregnancy: A longitudinal study of 855 healthy Norwegian women.

To ensure optimal calcium accrual in the fetal skeleton, a substantial rise occurs in 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D), but is dependent on sufficient 25-hydroxyvitamin (25(OH)D). Large longitudinal studies addressing free 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D during pregnancy are scarce. We aimed to assess levels of and relationship between 25(OH)D, 1,25(OH)2D, vitamin D-binding protein (DBP), parathyroid hormone (PTH), and free 25(OH)D during pregnancy; determinants of vitamin D status; and association between vitamin D indices or PTH and pregnancy outcomes (gestational diabetes mellitus and birthweight).

Adiponectin prevents orthodontic tooth movement in rats.

Objective: The objective was to examine the effects of repetitive local administration of adiponectin on experimental tooth movement in rats.

Materials And Methods: The maxillary right first molar of male Wistar rats (n=24) was moved mesially for 14days, with local adiponectin injections (0.2 or 2μg) every third day.