Bladder dysfunction in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

Background: It is increasingly significant that adults with diabetes experience lower urinary tract symptoms, however, there has been limited research in younger individuals with type 1 diabetes.

Objective: To investigate bladder function using non-invasive urodynamics as a potential indicator of autonomic neuropathy in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. This involved examining the association between urinary flow disturbances, reported symptoms, and results from other autonomic tests.

Functional and I-MIBG scintigraphy assessment of cardiac adrenergic dysfunction in diabetes.

Objectives: To assess the agreement between clinical cardiovascular adrenergic function and cardiac adrenergic innervation in type 2 diabetes patients (T2D).

Methods: Thirty-three patients with T2D were investigated bimodally through (1) a standardized clinical cardiovascular adrenergic assessment, evaluating adequacy of blood pressure responses to the Valsalva maneuver and (2) I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scintigraphy assessing myocardial adrenergic innervation measured as early and delayed heart heart/mediastinum (H/M) ratio, and washout rate (WR).

Results: T2D patients had significantly lower early and delayed H/M-ratios, and lower WR, compared to laboratory specific reference values.

A rare case of sarcoid myelitis complicating Löfgren's syndrome.

Neurosarcoidosis is a rare and serious condition. Rapid diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent morbidity and mortality. When neurological symptoms are not present at the time of diagnosis, CNS involvement can be undetected.

Sweat gland nerve fiber density and association with sudomotor function, symptoms, and risk factors in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

Purpose: To quantify sweat gland nerve fiber density in adolescents with diabetes. Additionally, to investigate associations between sudomotor innervation, sweat responses, and possible risk factors for sudomotor neuropathy.

Methods: Cross-sectional study where 60 adolescents with type 1 diabetes (duration > 5 years) and 23 control subjects were included.

Neuropathy in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: Confirmatory diagnostic tests, bedside tests, and risk factors.

Aims: To estimate the prevalence of large fiber (LFN), small fiber (SFN), and autonomic neuropathy in adolescents with type 1 diabetes using confirmatory tests known from adults and to identify risk factors and bedside methods for neuropathy.

Methods: Sixty adolescents with type 1 diabetes (diabetes duration > five years) and 23 control subjects underwent neurological examination and confirmatory diagnostic tests for neuropathy, including nerve conduction studies, skin biopsies determining intraepidermal nerve fiber density, quantitative sudomotor axon reflex test (QSART), cardiovascular reflex tests (CARTs), and tilt table test. Possible risk factors were analyzed.

Thyroid [I]MIBG uptake in Parkinson's disease and diabetes mellitus.

Thyroid [I]MIBG uptake is proposed as a tool for differentiating between Parkinson's disease (PD) and diabetes mellitus (DM) on [I]MIBG scintigraphies since both patient groups show decreased cardiac uptake. One study compared thyroid [I]MIBG uptake in DM and PD patients and reported reduced [I]MIBG uptake only in the PD group. Here, we investigated thyroid [I]MIBG uptake in patients with PD and DM and found severely reduced thyroid [I]MIBG uptake in DM.

Early Gastrointestinal Neuropathy Assessed by Wireless Motility Capsules in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes.

Background: To assess the prevalence of objective signs of gastrointestinal (GI) autonomic neuropathy (AN) in adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D). In addition, to investigate associations between objective GI findings and self-reported symptoms or other findings of AN.

Methods: Fifty adolescents with T1D and 20 healthy adolescents were examined with a wireless motility capsule to assess the total and regional GI transit times and motility index.

Preferential impairment of parasympathetic autonomic function in type 2 diabetes.

Objective: Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy is a known complication in type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the extent of sympathetic dysfunction and its relation to blood pressure (BP) dysregulation is insufficiently studied. We therefore assessed the cardiovascular sympathetic function using a standardized autonomic test-battery.

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome or Limb Pain: A Plea for a Critical Approach.

Most frequently, complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) develops after a trauma and affects distal parts of the limbs. Early recognition and initiation of adequate treatment is crucial for a favorable outcome. On the other hand, misdiagnosing other disorders as CRPS is detrimental because more appropriate treatment may be withheld from the patients.

Translation and linguistic validation of the Composite Autonomic Symptom Score COMPASS 31 in Danish.

Introduction: The Composite Autonomic Symptom Score (COMPASS 31) is a validated self-assessment questionnaire quantifying the severity and distribution of autonomic symptoms across six domains (orthostatic intolerance, vasomotor, secretomotor, gastrointestinal, bladder and pupillomotor functions) by scoring 31 clinically selected questions. The aim of this study was to translate into Danish and validate the Danish version of COMPASS 31.

Methods: The original (US) English version of the COMPASS 31 questionnaire was translated into Danish via forward/backward translation and validated in accordance with a protocol set forth by the Autonomic Group at the Mayo Clinic.

Treatment-induced neuropathy of diabetes in an adolescent with rapid reduction in HbA1c and weight loss: Persistent neuropathic findings at follow-up after 1.5 years.

Treatment-induced neuropathy of diabetes (TIND) is a condition occurring within weeks after a rapid decline in blood glucose. This case report illustrates consequences in an adolescent with TIND. Gold standard methods diagnosing large fiber, small fiber, and autonomic neuropathy were abnormal at 1.

Large fibre, small fibre and autonomic neuropathy in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: A systematic review.

Aims: To estimate the prevalence of neuropathy in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

Methods: Systematic collection of published studies exploring the prevalence of large fibre neuropathy (LFN), small fibre neuropathy (SFN), and autonomic neuropathy in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Following prospective registration (Prospero CRD42020206093), PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were searched for studies from 2000 to 2020.

Spinal cord stimulation in severe cases of complex regional pain syndrome: A retrospective cohort study with long-term follow-up.

Background: Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a debilitating pain condition often resistant to standard treatment modalities. In these cases, spinal cord stimulation (SCS) can be an option, but the effect on CRPS remains disputed. We aimed to assess the long-term effect of SCS on CRPS.

Ageing promotes pathological alpha-synuclein propagation and autonomic dysfunction in wild-type rats.

Neuronal aggregates of misfolded alpha-synuclein protein are found in the brain and periphery of patients with Parkinson's disease. Braak and colleagues have hypothesized that the initial formation of misfolded alpha-synuclein may start in the gut, and then spread to the brain via peripheral autonomic nerves hereby affecting several organs, including the heart and intestine. Age is considered the greatest risk factor for Parkinson's disease, but the effect of age on the formation of pathology and its propagation has not been studied in detail.

Assessment of Gastrointestinal Autonomic Dysfunction: Present and Future Perspectives.

The autonomic nervous system delicately regulates the function of several target organs, including the gastrointestinal tract. Thus, nerve lesions or other nerve pathologies may cause autonomic dysfunction (AD). Some of the most common causes of AD are diabetes mellitus and α-synucleinopathies such as Parkinson's disease.

Painful and non-painful diabetic neuropathy, diagnostic challenges and implications for future management.

Peripheral neuropathy is one of the most common complications of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Up to half of patients with diabetes develop neuropathy during the course of their disease, which is accompanied by neuropathic pain in 30-40% of cases. Peripheral nerve injury in diabetes can manifest as progressive distal symmetric polyneuropathy, autonomic neuropathy, radiculo-plexopathies, and mononeuropathies.

[Diabetic neuropathy caused by too rapid downregulation of blood glucose].

Treatment-induced neuropathy of diabetes is an iatrogenic acute painful sensory and autonomic neuropathy. The condition is caused by rapid downregulation of blood glucose after a long period of hyperglycaemia. In this case report, a 43-year-old man with Type 1 diabetes and severe metabolic dysregulation had downregulated his blood glucose level with 3.

Preserved noradrenergic function in Parkinson's disease patients with rest tremor.

Unlabelled: Noradrenergic neurotransmission may play an important role in tremor modulation through its innervation of key structures of the central tremor circuits. Here, Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with (PD) or without (PD) rest tremor had C-methylreboxetine(C-MeNER) positron emission tomography (PET) to test the hypothesis that noradrenaline terminal function was relatively preserved in PD compared to PD.

Methods: Sixty-five PD patients and 28 healthy controls (HC) were scanned with C-MeNER PET.

Skin Temperature in Parkinson's Disease Measured by Infrared Thermography.

Background: Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) often show peripheral autonomic dysfunction and depositions of pathological alpha-synuclein aggregates in the skin. However, functional consequences of this skin involvement have received little attention.

Objective: To determine thermographic differences in the skin between healthy controls (HCs) and PD patients on hands, feet, and trunk and to correlate findings with symptoms and signs of dysautonomia.

Multiple Limb Involvement in a Severe Case of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Treated With Spinal Cord Stimulation: A Case Report.

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) can be a debilitating, persistent, and treatment-resistant pain condition. This report presents a case of severe CRPS affecting multiple limbs, resistant to standard treatment modalities. Treatment with spinal cord stimulation (SCS) had an initial good effect.