[Anterior shoulder dislocation: revised Dutch Clinical Guideline in practice].

Shoulder dislocations remain the most frequent of joint dislocations, with anterior displacement of the humeral head being the direction of dislocation seen most often (97%). Recently, the Dutch clinical guideline on shoulder dislocations has been revised on the basis of predetermined bottlenecks in clinical practice. In this paper, the guideline is translated to clinical practice by means of two fictional cases, in which the novel recommendations are incorporated.

Real-time daily fatigue, sleep, physical activity, and health-related fitness in adults with cerebral palsy.

Aim: To explore whether subgroups of adults with cerebral palsy (CP) with different fatigue diurnal profiles can be discerned, and to explore whether sleep, physical activity, or health-related fitness are associated with these profiles.

Method: Thirty-two adults (median age 29 years 8 months; range 20-54 years; 11 males, 21 females) with spastic CP (Gross Motor Function Classification System levels I-III) with physical activity-related fatigue complaints participated. Real-time fatigue and physical activity were assessed for 7 consecutive days by short message service text four times during the day and by wearing an accelerometer respectively.

Fatigue in Children and Young Adults With Physical Disabilities: Relation With Energy Demands of Walking and Physical Fitness.

Purpose: To examine whether general fatigue and fatigue during or after walking are related to energy demands during walking and physical fitness in children and young adults with physical disabilities.

Methods: Sixty-eight individuals with physical disabilities participated. General fatigue (Checklist Individual Strength [CIS8R] questionnaire), walking-induced fatigue (OMNI [OMNIwalk] scale after walking for 6 min), gross and net energy costs (ECs) of walking, physical strain of walking, and aerobic and anaerobic fitness were measured.

A Comparison of the Physiology of Sedentary Behavior and Light Physical Activity in Adults With and Without a Physical Disability.

Background: It is questionable whether postures that are regarded as sedentary behavior in able-bodied persons evoke comparable physiological responses in adults with stroke or cerebral palsy (CP). This study aimed to compare metabolic demand and muscle activity in healthy controls, adults with stroke, and adults with CP during sedentary behavior and light physical activities.

Methods: Seventy-one adults (45.

Focus on Risk Factors for Cardiometabolic Disease in Cerebral Palsy: Toward a Core Set of Outcome Measurement Instruments.

Objective: To identify existing outcome measurement instruments (OMIs) assessing risk factors for cardiometabolic disease in adolescents and adults with cerebral palsy (CP) reported on in the literature or used in the field.

Data Sources: The COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments database of systematic reviews and 4 electronic databases (Embase, MEDLINE/Ovid, MEDLINE/Pubmed, PsychINFO) were searched up to June 19, 2017, that yielded 2594 articles. Experts in the field were consulted to identify any additional OMIs.

Multimorbidity risk assessment in adolescents and adults with cerebral palsy: a protocol for establishing a core outcome set for clinical research and practice.

Background: Estimates of multimorbidity, defined as the presence of at least two chronic conditions, some of which attributable to modifiable behaviours, are high in adults with cerebral palsy (CP). An assessment protocol evaluating multimorbidity risk is needed in order to develop and evaluate effective interventions to optimize lifelong health in individuals with CP. The aim of this protocol paper is to describe the development of a core outcome set (COS) for assessing multimorbidity risk in adolescents and adults with CP, to be used in clinic and research.

Energy expenditure and muscle activity during lying, sitting, standing, and walking in people with motor-incomplete spinal cord injury.

Study Design: Cross-sectional exploratory study.

Objectives: To determine oxygen uptake (VO), energy expenditure (EE), and muscle activity (MA) during lying (rest), sitting, standing, and walking among ambulatory individuals with spinal cord Injury (SCI) and to compare VO, EE, and MA between individuals with different levels of ambulation.

Setting: Rehabilitation institution with a spinal cord injury unit.

Effects of a School-Based Sports Program on Physical Fitness, Physical Activity, and Cardiometabolic Health in Youth With Physical Disabilities: Data From the Sport-2-Stay-Fit Study.

Objective: To investigate the effects of a school-based once-a-week sports program on physical fitness, physical activity, and cardiometabolic health in children and adolescents with a physical disability.

Methods: This controlled clinical trial included 71 children and adolescents from four schools for special education [mean age 13.7 (2.

Beneficial Effect of BH Treatment in a 15-Year-Old Boy with Biallelic Mutations in DNAJC12.

Background: Biallelic mutations in DNAJC12 were recently identified as a BH-responsive cause of hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA). Outcome was only favorable when treatment was initiated early in life. We report on a 15-year-old boy with HPA due to a homozygous deletion in DNAJC12 in whom - despite his advanced age - treatment was initiated.

Physical Strain: A New Perspective on Walking in Cerebral Palsy.

Objectives: To describe (1) physical strain of walking, (2) the proportion of participants walking above the anaerobic threshold, and (3) 4 phenotypes of physical strain of walking on the basis of deviations in aerobic capacity and walking energy cost (EC) in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP).

Design: Cohort study.

Setting: Academic medical center.

Energy cost during walking in association with age and body height in children and young adults with cerebral palsy.

Aim: This cross-sectional study into children and young adults with cerebral palsy (CP) aimed to assess the association of gross energy cost (EC), net EC and net nondimensional (NN) EC during walking with age and body height, compared to typically developing (TD) peers.

Method: Data was collected in 128 participants with CP (mean age 11y9mo; GMFCS I,n=48; II,n=56; III, n=24) and in 63 TD peers (mean age 12y5mo). Energy cost was assessed by measuring the oxygen consumption during over-ground walking at comfortable speed.

Exercise and physical activity recommendations for people with cerebral palsy.

Physical activity and its promotion, as well as the avoidance of sedentary behaviour, play important roles in health promotion and prevention of lifestyle-related diseases. Guidelines for young people and adults with typical development are available from the World Health Organisation and American College of Sports Medicine. However, detailed recommendations for physical activity and sedentary behaviour have not been established for children, adolescents, and adults with cerebral palsy (CP).

The clinimetric properties of aerobic and anaerobic fitness measures in adults with cerebral palsy: A systematic review of the literature.

Objective: To analyze the clinimetric properties of maximal aerobic and anaerobic fitness measurement protocols in adults with cerebral palsy (CP).

Data Sources: A systematic search through March 2015 of databases PubMed, Embase, SPORTDiscus and PsycINFO was performed with medical subject heading terms for 'cerebral palsy' combined with search terms adults or adolescents and multiple text words for fitness and exercise tests that yielded 864 articles.

Study Selection: Abstracts were screened by two reviewers to identify use of maximal fitness measurements in adolescents (14-18yrs) or adults (>18yrs) with CP of all abilities.

Longitudinal Relationship Among Physical Fitness, Walking-Related Physical Activity, and Fatigue in Children With Cerebral Palsy.

Background: A vicious circle of decreased physical fitness, early fatigue, and low physical activity levels (PAL) is thought to affect children with cerebral palsy (CP). However, the relationship of changes in physical fitness to changes in PAL and fatigue is unclear.

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the associations among changes in physical fitness, walking-related PAL, and fatigue in children with CP.

Associations between fitness and mobility capacity in school-aged children with cerebral palsy: a longitudinal analysis.

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the longitudinal associations among fitness components and between fitness and mobility capacity in children with cerebral palsy (CP).

Method: Forty-six children (26 males, 20 females; mean age 9y 7mo [SD 1y 8mo]) with a bilateral (n=24) or a unilateral spastic CP (n=22) participated in aerobic and anaerobic fitness measurements on a cycle ergometer and isometric muscle strength tests (Gross Motor Function Classification System [GMFCS] level I [n=26], level II [n=12], level III [n=8]). Mobility capacity was assessed with the gross motor function measure (GMFM) and a walking capacity test.

Physical activity stimulation program for children with cerebral palsy did not improve physical activity: a randomised trial.

Question: In children with cerebral palsy, does a 6-month physical activity stimulation program improve physical activity, mobility capacity, fitness, fatigue and attitude towards sports more than usual paediatric physiotherapy?

Design: Multicentre randomised controlled trial with concealed allocation, blinded assessments and intention-to-treat analysis.

Participants: Forty-nine walking children (28 males) aged 7-13 years with spastic cerebral palsy and severity of the disability classified as Gross Motor Function Classification System level I-III.

Intervention: The intervention group followed a 6-month physical activity stimulation program involving counselling through motivational interviewing, home-based physiotherapy, and 4 months of fitness training.

Objectively measured sedentary time in youth with cerebral palsy compared with age-, sex-, and season-matched youth who are developing typically: an explorative study.

Background: Children with cerebral palsy (CP) demonstrate reduced physical activity levels compared with children with typical development. Sedentary behavior, including the duration and frequency of sedentary bouts, has not yet been objectively examined in this population but may have clinical implications for the development of secondary health complications.

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify time spent sedentary and frequency of breaks interrupting sedentary time in youth with CP compared with youth without CP.

Walking activity of children with cerebral palsy and children developing typically: a comparison between the Netherlands and the United States.

Purpose: To compare walking activity of children with and without cerebral palsy (CP) between the Netherlands and the United States.

Methods: A cross-sectional analysis on walking activity data from an international retrospective comparison study including a convenience sample of 134 walking children aged 7-12 years with spastic CP, classified as Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level I (N = 64), II (N = 49) or III (N = 21), and 223 typically developing children (TDC) from the Netherlands and the United States. Walking activity was assessed during a one-week period using a StepWatch™ activity monitor.

Daily stride rate activity and heart rate response in children with cerebral palsy.

Objective: To compare daily stride rate activity, daily exercise intensity, and heart rate intensity of stride rate in children with cerebral palsy with that of typically developing children.

Methods: Forty-three children with cerebral palsy, walking without (Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) I and II) or with (GMFCS III) an aid and 27 typically developing children (age range 7-14 years) wore a StepWatch™ activity monitor and a heart rate monitor. Time spent and mean heart rate reserve at each stride rate activity level and time spent in each mean heart rate reserve zone was compared.

The effectiveness of a physical activity stimulation programme for children with cerebral palsy on social participation, self-perception and quality of life: a randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To determine the effects of a six-month physical activity stimulation programme on social participation, self-perception and quality of life in children with cerebral palsy.

Design: Multicentre randomized controlled trial with concealed allocation, blinded assessments and intention-to-treat analysis.

Setting: Paediatric physiotherapy practices, special schools for children with a disability, and the child's own home.

Reliability of a progressive maximal cycle ergometer test to assess peak oxygen uptake in children with mild to moderate cerebral palsy.

Background: Rehabilitation research in children with cerebral palsy (CP) is increasingly addressing cardiorespiratory fitness testing. However, evidence on the reliability of peak oxygen uptake (Vo2peak) measurements, considered the best indicator of aerobic fitness, is not available in this population.

Objective: The objective of this study was to establish the reliability of a progressive maximal cycle ergometer test when assessing Vo2peak in children with mild to moderate CP.

Maximal aerobic and anaerobic exercise responses in children with cerebral palsy.

Purpose: The objective of this study is to compare the maximal aerobic and anaerobic exercise responses of children with cerebral palsy (CP) by level of motor impairment and in comparison with those of typically developing children (TD).

Methods: Seventy children with CP, with varying levels of motor impairment (Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) I-III), and 31 TD performed an incremental continuous maximal aerobic exercise test and a 20-s anaerobic Wingate test on a cycle ergometer. Peak oxygen uptake (V˙O2peak), anaerobic threshold (AT), peak ventilation (V˙Epeak), peak oxygen pulse (peak O2 pulse), peak ventilatory equivalent of oxygen (peak V˙E/V˙O2) and carbon dioxide (peak V˙E/V˙CO2), peak aerobic power output (POpeak), and mean anaerobic power (P20mean) were measured.

Systematic review of the clinimetric properties of laboratory- and field-based aerobic and anaerobic fitness measures in children with cerebral palsy.

Objective: To systematically evaluate the level of evidence of the clinimetric properties of measures of aerobic and anaerobic capacity used for children with cerebral palsy (CP).

Data Sources: A systematic search of databases PubMed, Embase, SPORTDiscus, and PsycINFO through April 2011 was performed.

Study Selection: Two independent raters identified and examined studies that reported laboratory- or field-based measures of maximal aerobic or anaerobic capacity in children with CP aged 5 to 14 years.