Selection for high and low oxygen consumption altered hepatic mitochondrial energy efficiency in mice.

Selection for high (H) and low (L) oxygen consumption (OC) as an indirect estimation of maintenance energy requirement was determined. Feed intake and body weight were measured and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of 4-8-week-old mice was calculated. Respiratory activity of hepatic mitochondria was measured at 12 weeks.

Bovine growth hormone gene polymorphism affects stress response in Japanese Black cattle.

We investigate the associations between growth hormone (GH) gene polymorphism and behavioral and physiological responses to stressors and learning ability in Japanese Black cattle. Flight distance test was conducted in the first experiment. Steers with haplotype C of GH gene polymorphism avoided human approaches at a significantly greater distance than ones without haplotype C (C: 1.

Haplotype C of growth hormone (GH) gene in Japanese Black cattle: structure of GH protein and a novel method for detection of the gene.

From a series of studies on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the bovine growth hormone (GH) gene of Japanese Black cattle, the type-C (127(Val) and 172(Met) ) that is specific for this breed has been intensively focused upon because of the economic importance for carcass traits, such as intramuscular oleic acid contents. In the present study, we intended to analyze the 3-D structure of GH of haplotype C, and developed a novel method to detect the type C gene. Three-D analysis of the type C protein showed that the amino acid residues (127(Val) and 172(Met) ), which are present in the third and fourth helixes, respectively, and are important for binding with GH receptors, are shifted to deeper positions in the molecule compared with that for type A (127(Leu) and 172(Thr) ), implying the alteration of binding interaction with receptors.

Changes in circulating adiponectin and metabolic hormone concentrations during periparturient and lactation periods in Holstein dairy cows.

Although our previous report demonstrated that adiponectin and AdipoR1 gene expressions changed among different lactation stages in the bovine mammary gland, its in vivo kinetics remain unclear in ruminant animals. In this study, we investigated the changes in circulating concentrations of adiponectin, as well as other metabolic hormones and metabolites, (i) during the periparturient period and (ii) among different lactation stages, in Holstein dairy cows. In experiment 1, serum adiponectin concentrations increased after parturition.

Effects of growth hormone gene polymorphism on lipogenic gene expression levels in diaphragm tissues of Japanese black heifers.

Two SNPs, i.e. L127V and T172M, of bovine growth hormone (GH) causing the presence of GH gene haplotypes A, B, and C was previously shown to alter intramuscular fatty acid (FA) composition in Japanese Black (JB) heifers.

Chemerin analog regulates energy metabolism in sheep.

Accumulating data suggest a relationship between chemerin and energy metabolism. Our group previously described gene cloning, expression analysis and the regulatory mechanism of chemerin and its own receptor in mice and cattle. The objective of the present study was to investigate the physiological effect of chemerin on endocrine changes and energy metabolism in sheep using a biologically stable chemerin analog.

Gene expression and hormonal regulation of adiponectin and its receptors in bovine mammary gland and mammary epithelial cells.

Although the functions of adiponectin, a differentiated adipocyte-derived hormone, in regulating glucose and fatty acid metabolism are regulated by two subtypes of adiponectin receptors (AdipoRs; AdipoR1 and AdipoR2), those in ruminants remain unclear. Therefore we examined the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels of adiponectin and its receptors in various bovine tissues and mammary glands among different lactation stages, and the effects of lactogenic hormones (insulin, dexamethasone and prolactin) and growth hormone (GH) on mRNA expression of the AdipoRs in cultured bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMEC). AdipoRs mRNAs were widely expressed in various bovine tissues, but adiponectin mRNA expression was significantly higher in adipose tissue than in other tissues.

Effects of GH gene polymorphism and sex on carcass traits and fatty acid compositions in Japanese Black cattle.

To investigate the effects of bovine growth hormone (bGH) gene polymorphism on carcass traits and fatty acid compositions in Japanese Black cattle caused by nucleotide substitution of CTG (allele A)/GTG (allele B) at codon 127 and of ACG (allele A and B)/ATG (allele C) at codon 172 of bGH, GH genotypes of 135 cattle were determined using allele specific-multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Allele A gave greater rib thickness and lower melting point of fat (MP) while allele B gave higher C18:1% (P < 0.05).