Hospital use and cancer treatment by age and socioeconomic status in the last year of life: A Norwegian population-based study of patients dying of cancer.

Introduction: Cancer is the leading cause of death in Norway. In this nationwide study we describe the number and causes of hospital admissions and treatment in the final year of life for patients who died of cancer, as well as the associations to age and socioeconomic status (SES).

Materials And Methods: From nationwide registries covering 2010-2014, we identified all patients who were diagnosed with cancer 12-60 months before death and had cancer as their reported cause of death.

Does who you live with matter for your health? The influence of partners' socioeconomic characteristics on self-rated health in Norway.

Aims: Studies of the association between self-rated health and persons' income and education have almost invariably shown that people with higher education and incomes report better health. Less is known of the influence of household members' socioeconomic characteristics on individuals' health. This study thus aimed to assess the extent to which the socioeconomic characteristics of partners may contribute to explaining the variation in the respondents' self-rated health (SRH).

Immigration, mortality, and national life expectancy in the Nordic region, 1990-2019.

•Immigrants have higher life expectancy at age 1 than the native-born in Denmark, Finland and Norway do from 1990 to 2019.•Immigrants in Denmark, Finland and Norway increasingly enhance national life expectancy at age 1 over time.•Immigrants in Sweden have lower life expectancy at age 1 than native-born in Sweden do in 1990, but similar levels by 2019.

The effect of age on specialized palliative care use in the last year of life for patients who die of cancer: A nationwide study from Norway.

Introduction: Specialized palliative care (SPC) is beneficial towards end of life because of its holistic approach to improve quality of life and comfort of patients and their families. Few studies have described how patient age, sex, comorbidities, and socioeconomic status (SES) are associated with SPC use in nonselective populations who die of cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the use of SPC in the year preceding death by all Norwegian individuals with a recent cancer diagnosis who died of cancer.

Do characteristics of family members influence older persons' transition to long-term healthcare services?

Background: Future demographic and economic changes warrant a better understanding of older persons' need for health-related long-term care services (LTC). LTC uptake among older people is likely to be influenced by the presence or absence of family members, but there is scarce research on the role played by partners with different caregiving potential. There is even less research on the contributions of adult children and their caregiving potential.

Does women's health matter for fertility? Evidence from Norwegian administrative data.

Women's health status may affect their opportunities and preferences for children through various mechanisms. We examine the relationship between health and fertility using Norwegian registry data (2004-18). Measuring verifiable and persistent health problems, we use uptake of doctor-certified sickness absence and long-term health-related benefits as proxies for health.

Do older parents' assistance needs deter parent-child geographic divergence in Norway?

The role of intergenerational geographic proximity in individuals' migration decisions has been well-established. The circumstances under which parents and their adult children move away from or remain close to each other are, however, less clear. Drawing on Norwegian register data for 2014-2016 and three-level logistic regression models, we examine whether formal care needs of older parents (aged ≥65) deter parent-child geographic divergence and whether variation in the likelihood of divergence is associated with municipal-level characteristics.

29 recommendations to combat social inequalities in health. The Norwegian Council on Social Inequalities in Health.

All political parties in Norway agree that social inequalities in health comprise a public health problem and should be reduced. Against this background, the Council on Social Inequalities in Health has taken action to provide specific advice to reduce social health differences. Our recommendations focus on the entire social gradient rather than just poverty and the socially disadvantaged.

An observational study of immigrant mortality differences in Norway by reason for migration, length of stay and characteristics of sending countries.

Background: Knowledge of mortality differentials in immigrant groups depending on their reason for migration, length of stay in host countries and characteristics of sending countries may be beneficial for policy interventions aimed to improve various immigrant groups' health and welfare.

Methods: We employed discrete-time hazard regression models with time-varying covariates to compare the death risk of immigrants to those of Norwegian-born natives using linked register data on the Norwegian population aged 25-79 during 1990-2015. More than 492,000 deaths occurred in around 4.

Short-term survival after colorectal cancer in a screened versus unscreened population.

United States' (US) colorectal cancer (CRC) screening and treatment practices seek to reduce mortality. We examined the survival of US patients compared with patients in the virtually unscreened Norwegian population. We compared short-term survival after CRC between the US and Norway using relative survival (RS) and excess mortality (EMR) analyses.

In sickness and in health: The role of marital partners in cancer survival.

Married cancer patients enjoy a survival advantage, potentially attributable to better health at diagnosis, earlier contact with health personnel, and/or access to resources to ensure more optimal treatment. These mechanisms only invoke the mere presence of a partner, but partners bring varying amounts of resources into the household. It is likely that also spousal resources contribute to differentials in survival net of own resources, as gradients in survival by the latter are well documented.

Economic independence in survivors of cancer diagnosed at a young age: A Norwegian national cohort study.

Background: The impact of cancer on socioeconomic outcomes is attracting attention as the number of survivors of cancer in young age continues to rise. This study examines economic independence in a national cohort of survivors of cancer at a young age in Norway.

Methods: Through the linkage of several national registries, the study cohort comprised 1,212,013 individuals born in Norway during 1965 through 1985, of which 5440 had received a cancer diagnosis before age 25 years.

Changes in Health and Health Behavior Associated With Retirement.

Objectives: While poor health contributes to early work exits, it is less clear how early work exits affect health. This study therefore examines changes in health associated with retirement.

Method: Survey data from gainfully employed individuals aged 57 to 66 in 2002 were used to assess changes in health status and behaviors associated with retirement (49%) 5 years later ( N = 546).

Educational attainment among long-term survivors of cancer in childhood and adolescence: a Norwegian population-based cohort study.

Purpose: The number of young cancer survivors has increased over the past few decades due to improvement in treatment regimens, and understanding of long-term effects among the survivors has become even more important. Educational achievements and choice of educational fields were explored here.

Methods: Five-year cancer survivors born in Norway during 1965-1985 (diagnosed <19 years) were included in our analysis by linking Norwegian population-based registries.

Do spouses coordinate their work exits? A combined survey and register analysis from Norway.

Research on spouses' joint work exits is scarce, although household factors such as spouses' work status, marital quality, and caregiving burdens are likely to affect seniors' work engagement. We therefore examine whether the work exit probability of one spouse affects that of the other. Discrete-time hazard regression analyses of survey data linked to later registry information including all gainfully employed married respondents aged 50-74 with a working spouse (N = 1,764) were used to assess subsequent work exits.

Access to treatment and educational inequalities in cancer survival.

The public health care systems in the Nordic countries provide high quality care almost free of charge to all citizens. However, social inequalities in health persist. Previous research has, for example, documented substantial educational inequalities in cancer survival.

New malignancies after squamous cell carcinoma and melanomas: a population-based study from Norway.

Background: Skin cancer survivors experience an increased risk for subsequent malignancies but the associated risk factors are poorly understood. This study examined the risk of a new primary cancer following an initial skin cancer and assessed risk factors associated with second primary cancers.

Methods: All invasive cutaneous malignant melanomas (CMM, N = 28 069) and squamous cell carcinomas (SCC, N = 24 620) diagnosed in Norway during 1955-2008 were included.

Cancer in childhood, adolescence, and young adults: a population-based study of changes in risk of cancer death during four decades in Norway.

Purpose: Cancer is one of the most common causes of death among young individuals. The purpose of this study was to explore the risk of early death (the first five years after diagnosis) among children (0-14 years), adolescents (15-19 years), and young adults (20-24 years) with cancer in Norway, born during 1965-1985.

Methods: The overall and cancer-specific early deaths were explored by linking population-based national registers (including the Cancer Registry of Norway and the Cause of Death Registry) that include the entire population of Norway (approximately 1.

Children and young adults with parents with cancer: a population-based study.

Background: Today many people are choosing to have children later in life. Additionally, the use of sophisticated diagnostic tools and screening modalities has increased over recent years. Because of these factors, cancer is being diagnosed more frequently during the child-rearing years.

Cancer's unequal impact on incomes in Norway.

Background: At a group level, cancer results in reduced labor earnings. Public benefits common to welfare states may, however, compensate for all or parts of the decline in earnings. Norwegian cancer survivors' incomes, including both labor earnings and compensatory welfare benefits, were compared to those of the cancer-free population to assess potential welfare consequences of cancer.

A cross-cultural perspective on challenges facing comparative cancer survivorship research.

Cancer survivorship research includes the study of physical, psychosocial, and economic consequences of cancer diagnosis and treatment among pediatric and adult cancer survivors. Historically, the majority of cancer survivorship studies were from the United States, but survivorship issues are increasingly being addressed in other developed countries. Cross-cultural studies remain, however, scarce.

Changes over time in the effect of marital status on cancer survival.

Background: Rates of all-cause and cause-specific mortality are higher among unmarried than married individuals. Cancer survival is also poorer in the unmarried population. Recently, some studies have found that the excess all-cause mortality of the unmarried has increased over time, and the same pattern has been shown for some specific causes of death.

Is mortality after childhood cancer dependent on social or economic resources of parents? A population-based study.

Diagnostic and treatment protocols for childhood cancer are generally standardized, and therefore, survival ought to be fairly equal across social strata in societies with free public health care readily available. Nevertheless, our study explores whether there are disparities in mortality after childhood cancer in Norway depending on socioeconomic status of parents. Limited knowledge on differentials exists from earlier analyses.

Does cancer in a child affect parents' employment and earnings? A population-based study.

Purpose: Cancer in a child may adversely affect parents' work opportunities due to enlarged care burdens and/or altered priorities. Few studies exist, and possible effects on parental employment and earnings were therefore explored.

Materials And Methods: Data on the entire Norwegian population aged 27-65 with children under the age of 20 in 1990-2002 (N=1.