Artificial enforcement of the unfolded protein response reduces disease features in multiple preclinical models of ALS/FTD.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are part of a spectrum of diseases that share several causative genes, resulting in a combinatory of motor and cognitive symptoms and abnormal protein aggregation. Multiple unbiased studies have revealed that proteostasis impairment at the level of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a transversal pathogenic feature of ALS/FTD. The transcription factor XBP1s is a master regulator of the unfolded protein response (UPR), the main adaptive pathway to cope with ER stress.

Corrigendum: The role of cholesterol and mitochondrial bioenergetics in activation of the inflammasome in IBD.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.

Concomitant Expression of CD39, CD69, and CD103 Identifies Antitumor CD8 T Cells in Breast Cancer Implications for Adoptive Cell Therapy.

Background: In cancer, an effective immune response involves the action of several different cell types, among which CD8 T cells play a major role as they can specifically recognize and kill cancer cells via the release of cytotoxic molecules and cytokines, being of major importance for adoptive cell transfer (ACT) of expanded tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). The inflammation resulting from the tumor growth attracts both activated and bystander T cells. For an effective antitumor response, the T cell must express a specific group of chemokine receptors and integrins which include CD103, CD39, CD69, and CD25.

Pictolysin-III, a Hemorrhagic Type-III Metalloproteinase Isolated from (Serpentes: Viperidae) Venom, Reduces Mitochondrial Respiration and Induces Cytokine Secretion in Epithelial and Stromal Cell Lines.

From the venom of the snake, an endemic species from Peru, we recently have described toxins that inhibited platelet aggregation and cancer cell migration. In this work, we characterize a novel P-III class snake venom metalloproteinase, called pictolysin-III (Pic-III). It is a 62 kDa proteinase that hydrolyzes dimethyl casein, azocasein, gelatin, fibrinogen, and fibrin.

The role of cholesterol and mitochondrial bioenergetics in activation of the inflammasome in IBD.

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is characterized by a loss of intestinal barrier function caused by an aberrant interaction between the immune response and the gut microbiota. In IBD, imbalance in cholesterol homeostasis and mitochondrial bioenergetics have been identified as essential events for activating the inflammasome-mediated response. Mitochondrial alterations, such as reduced respiratory complex activities and reduced production of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates (e.

Evaluation of PCR primers to identify Porphyromonas endodontalis in apical periodontitis clinical samples.

We aimed to evaluate whether two commonly used PCR primers are effective to identify P. endodontalis and discriminate from other prevalent black-pigmented bacteria in apical periodontitis (AP). Endodontic canal samples from patients with asymptomatic AP (n = 20) were collected and cultured in anaerobiosis.

Lipopolysaccharide from , but Not from , Induces Macrophage M1 Profile.

Apical Lesions of Endodontic Origin (ALEO) are initiated by polymicrobial endodontic canal infection. () and () lipopolysaccharides (LPS) can induce a pro-inflammatory macrophage response through their recognition by TLR2 and TLR4. However, polarization responses induced by and/or LPS in macrophages are not fully understood.

MMP-9 Levels in the Gingival Crevicular Fluid of Chilean Rosacea Patients.

Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disease whose prevalence rates remain unknown in Chile. Laboratory benchmark testing for this disease is not useful, therefore, we aimed to evaluate the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of extracellular metalloproteinases (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 as novel rosacea biomarkers. We designed a cross-sectional study with a control group.

Overlapping versus single long stents in long chronic total occlusions: insights of the Iberian CTO Registry.

Background: It is unknown whether the availability of long drug-eluting stents modify the PCI strategy of long CTO. To describe the contemporary PCI strategy of long chronic total occlusions (CTO) using overlapping (OS) or single long stents (SS) and to analyze its results.

Methods: 2842 consecutive CTO PCIs were included.

Role of TLR9 methylation on its active transcription in apical inflammation.

Aim: To explore the methylation pattern, its role in transcriptional regulation and potential modifiers of methylation of the TLR9 gene in chronic periapical inflammation.

Methodology: In this cross-sectional study, apical lesions of endodontic origin (ALEO, n = 61) and healthy periodontal ligaments (HPL, n = 15) were included. Products from bisulfited and PCR-amplified DNA were analysed for their methylation profiles in the promoter region and at each CpG island.

Revisiting the Feasibility of Public Key Cryptography in Light of IIoT Communications.

Digital certificates are regarded as the most secure and scalable way of implementing authentication services in the Internet today. They are used by most popular security protocols, including Transport Layer Security (TLS) and Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS). The lifecycle management of digital certificates relies on centralized Certification Authority (CA)-based Public Key Infrastructures (PKIs).

CpG Single-Site Methylation Regulates TLR2 Expression in Proinflammatory PBMCs From Apical Periodontitis Individuals.

Introduction: Apical periodontitis (AP) is a common oral disease caused by the inflammatory destruction of the periapical tissues due to the infection of the root canal system of the tooth. It also contributes to systemic bacterial translocation, where peripheric mononuclear blood cells (PBMCs) can act as carriers. Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 mediates the response to infection and activates inflammatory responses.

Identification of IL-18 and Soluble Cell Adhesion Molecules in the Gingival Crevicular Fluid as Novel Biomarkers of Psoriasis.

Psoriasis is a chronic immunoinflammatory skin disease. Although its diagnosis is clinical, differences in the appearance and severity of lesions pose a challenge for clinicians worldwide. The use of accessible biomarkers for psoriasis could aid in the early diagnosis and treatment of the disease.

Achieving Low Latency Communications in Smart Industrial Networks with Programmable Data Planes.

Industrial networks are introducing Internet of Things (IoT) technologies in their manufacturing processes in order to enhance existing methods and obtain smarter, greener and more effective processes. Global predictions forecast a massive widespread of IoT technology in industrial sectors in the near future. However, these innovations face several challenges, such as achieving short response times in case of time-critical applications.

Systemic and Extraradicular Bacterial Translocation in Apical Periodontitis.

Apical periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of microbial etiology. It has been suggested that endodontic bacterial DNA might translocate to distant organs blood vessels, but no studies have been conducted. We aimed first to explore overall extraradicular infection, as well as specifically by spp; and their potential to translocate from infected root canals to blood through peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

Levels of the interleukins 17A, 22, and 23 and the S100 protein family in the gingival crevicular fluid of psoriatic patients with or without periodontitis.

Background: Psoriasis and periodontitis are immunologically mediated chronic inflammatory diseases. Epidemiologic evidence has linked both; however, the change of markers in gingival crevicular fluid has been poorly evaluated.

Objective: To evaluate the levels of IL-17A, IL-22, IL-23, S100A7, S100A8, and S100A9 in gingival crevicular fluid of psoriatic and healthy subjects with and without periodontitis and their relations to psoriasis severity.

O-Polysaccharide Plays a Major Role on the Virulence and Immunostimulatory Potential of During Periodontal Infection.

is a Gram-negative oral bacterium with high immunostimulatory and pathogenic potential involved in the onset and progression of periodontitis, a chronic disease characterized by aberrant immune responses followed by tooth-supporting bone resorption, which eventually leads to tooth loss. While several studies have provided evidence related to the virulence factors of involved in the host cell death and immune evasion, such as its most studied primate-specific virulence factor, leukotoxin, the role of specific lipopolysaccharide (LPS) domains remain poorly understood. Here, we analyzed the role of the immunodominant domain of the LPS of termed O-polysaccharide (O-PS), which differentiates the distinct bacterial serotypes based on its antigenicity.

Epigenetic regulation of TLR2-mediated periapical inflammation.

Aim: To determine the methylation pattern of TLR2 gene promoter and its association with the transcriptional regulation of periapical inflammatory and angiogenic responses in symptomatic and asymptomatic forms of apical periodontitis.

Methodology: In this cross-sectional study, apical lesions were obtained from volunteers with asymptomatic apical periodontitis (AAP) (n = 17) and symptomatic apical periodontitis (SAP) (n = 17) scheduled for tooth extraction, and both total RNA and DNA were extracted. DNA was bisulfite-treated, a region of CpG island within the TLR2 gene was amplified by qPCR and the products were sequenced.

Zinc oxide and copper nanoparticles addition in universal adhesive systems improve interface stability on caries-affected dentin.

This study evaluated the MMP inhibition of the zinc oxide and copper nanoparticles (ZnO/CuNp), and the effects of their addition into adhesives on antimicrobial activity (AMA), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), in vitro degree of conversion (in vitro-DC), as well as, resin-dentin bond strength (μTBS), nanoleakage (NL) and in situ-DC on caries-affected dentin. Anti-MMP activity was evaluated for several MMPs. ZnO/CuNp (0% [control]; 5/0.

Expression of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 and its association with matrix metalloproteinases in symptomatic and asymptomatic apical periodontitis.

To determine Toll-like receptors (TLR)2 and TLR4 expression levels and associate them with matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in asymptomatic apical periodontitis (AAP), symptomatic apical periodontitis (SAP), and healthy controls. Apical tissue/lesion samples were obtained from chronic AAP (n = 35) and SAP (n = 29), and healthy periodontal ligament (HPL, n = 10) with indication of tooth extraction, respectively. mRNA expression levels of TLR2, TLR4, MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-8, and MMP-13 were determined by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction.

Elevated Systemic Inflammatory Burden and Cardiovascular Risk in Young Adults with Endodontic Apical Lesions.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to assess whether apical lesions are associated with inflammatory serum markers of cardiovascular risk, especially high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), in young adults.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, otherwise healthy individuals with apical lesions of endodontic origin (ALEOs) and a clinical diagnosis of asymptomatic apical periodontitis and controls aged between 18 and 40 years were included. Patients' sociodemographic characteristics, medical history, and classic cardiovascular risk factors were recorded, and the pathobiological determinants of atherosclerosis in youth score was calculated.

Breast Cancer and Its Relationship with the Microbiota.

The microorganisms that live symbiotically in human beings are increasingly recognized as important players in health and disease. The largest collection of these microorganisms is found in the gastrointestinal tract. Microbial composition reflects both genetic and lifestyle variables of the host.

Human periodontal ligament fibroblasts synthesize C-reactive protein and Th-related cytokines in response to interleukin (IL)-6 trans-signalling.

Aim: To characterize the potential of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPLF) to synthesize CRP and Th-related cytokines in response to IL-6 in periodontal health and apical inflammation.

Methodology: Primary HPLF stimulated with IL-6, soluble(s) IL-6 receptor (R) and controls were assayed for CRP, Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg-related cytokines by quantitative real-time PCR and ELISA, respectively. IL-6R mRNA expression and its soluble protein levels were screened in HPLF cultures, and ex vivo samples of healthy periodontal ligaments (n = 5) and apical lesions (n = 13).

Near-universal prevalence of Pneumocystis and associated increase in mucus in the lungs of infants with sudden unexpected death.

Background: Pneumocystis without obvious accompanying pathology is occasionally reported in autopsied infant lungs. Its prevalence and significance are unknown. Interestingly, this mild infection induces a strong activation of mucus secretion-related genes in young immunocompetent rodents that has not been explored in infants.