A comparative study of bulk and surface W-doped high-Ni cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries.

This study explores the influence of tungsten (W) doping on the structural and electrochemical performance of high-nickel LiNiCoMnO (NCM811) cathode materials, aiming to enhance lithium-ion battery high rate and long-term cycling stability. Tungsten was incorporated through two distinct approaches: bulk doping a wet-chemical co-precipitation method and surface doping solid-state processing during calcination. Comprehensive characterization, including X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and micro-cavity electrode electrochemical measurements was conducted to elucidate the effect of W doping on the morphology, crystallinity, and lithium-ion transport properties.