Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma: Differences between Lesions in Incidental and Nonincidental Settings-Considerations on These Clinical Entities and Personal Experience.

Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) represents 35-40% of all papillary cancers; it is defined as a nodule ≤ 10 mm at the time of histological diagnosis. The clinical significance of PTMC is still controversial, and it may be discovered in two settings: incidental PTMC (iPTMC), in which it is identified postoperatively upon histological examination of thyroid specimens following thyroid surgery for benign disease, and nonincidental PTMC (niPTMC), in which it is diagnosed before surgery. While iPTMC appears to be related to mild behavior and favorable clinical outcomes, niPTMC may exhibit markers of aggressiveness.

Calcium Citrate Versus Calcium Carbonate in the Management of Chronic Hypoparathyroidism: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Crossover Clinical Trial.

In hypoparathyroidism (HypoPT), calcium supplementation is virtually always required, although the disease is likely to be associated with an increased risk of nephrolithiasis. The use of calcium citrate (Ca-Cit) theoretically could have a positive impact on the nephrolithiasis risk because citrate salts are used to reduce this risk. Our objective was to evaluate the potential therapeutic advantage of Ca-Cit in comparison with calcium carbonate (CaCO ) in HypoPT, on nephrolithiasis risk factors, as well as to their ability to maintain desirable serum calcium levels.

Clinical, Biochemical, and Radiological Profile of Normocalcemic Primary Hyperparathyroidism.

Context: The clinical and radiological aspects of normocalcemic hyperparathyroidism (NHPT) are confounded by the differing methods used to rule out secondary hyperparathyroidism and by the small sample size.

Objective: To assess the clinical, biochemical, and radiological profile of NHPT compared with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and control subjects.

Design: Multicentric cross-sectional study.

Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy as a cause of fatigue in chronic hypoparathyroidism.

Purpose: Hypoparathyroidism (hypoPT) results in an impairment of quality of life (QoL), an increase in fatigue and a higher risk of mortality. Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is an impairment of the cardiovascular autonomic system and is associated with increased mortality and fatigability. Patients with hypoPT show an increased risk of CAN.

Treatment of thyroid nodules with radiofrequency: a 1-year follow-up experience.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness and safety of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in debulking benign solid thyroid nodules.

Materials And Methods: This is a retrospective review of 77 patients with predominantly solid thyroid nodules treated with RFA in a single center between 2013 and 2016. All patients declined or were not eligible for surgery.

Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy as a New Complication of Postsurgical Chronic Hypoparathyroidism.

Postsurgical hypoparathyroidism (hypoPT) increases fatigue and seems to affect the risk of mortality. Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is an impairment of the cardiovascular autonomic system, a cause of increased mortality, and associated with increased fatigability. The aim of this study is to evaluate CAN in hypoPT and its relationship with hypocalcemia, PTH levels, and hyperphosphatemia.

Italian Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AME) and Italian Chapter of the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE) Position Statement: Clinical Management of Vitamin D Deficiency in Adults.

Vitamin D deficiency is very common and prescriptions of both assay and supplementation are increasing more and more. Health expenditure is exponentially increasing, thus it is timely and appropriate to establish rules. The Italian Association of Clinical Endocrinologists appointed a task force to review literature about vitamin D deficiency in adults.

PTH(1-34) for Surgical Hypoparathyroidism: A 2-Year Prospective, Open-Label Investigation of Efficacy and Quality of Life.

Context: Daily parathyroid hormone (PTH) (1-34) administrations can reduce the required total daily dose of calcium and calcitriol and restore normocalcemia in refractory hypoparathyroidism. However, most PTH(1-34) trials have been conducted on small cohorts including subjects with hypoparathyroidism of various etiologies, and quality of life (QOL) was not investigated.

Objective: To investigate the effects of 24-month PTH(1-34) treatment in a homogeneous cohort of adult subjects with postoperative hypoparathyroidism and to evaluate QOL changes.

PTH(1-34) for Surgical Hypoparathyroidism: A Prospective, Open-Label Investigation of Efficacy and Quality of Life.

Context: Conventional therapy for hypoparathyroidism consists of calcium and calcitriol, but sometimes normal serum calcium cannot be maintained, and/or this approach might lead to nephrocalcinosis, nephrolithiasis, or renal insufficiency.

Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of 6 months of PTH(1-34) treatment in adult subjects with postoperative hypoparathyroidism and to evaluate quality-of-life changes.

Design: This was a 2-year prospective, open-label study.