Flagellin Activates the Intracellular NLRC4 Inflammasome.

(), is a major cause of nosocomial diarrhea and colitis. flagellin FliC contributes toxins to gut inflammation by interacting with the immune Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) to activate nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Flagella of intracellular pathogens can activate the NLR family CARD domain-containing protein 4 (NLRC4) inflammasome pathway.

A dye-affinity cryogel membrane for malate dehydrogenase purification from .

Cibacron blue F3GA functionalized poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) cryogel membranes were prepared and applied for a simple purification of malate dehydrogenase (MDH) from crude extract of . Swelling tests, scanning electron microscopy, surface area measurements and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy techniques were used for the characterization of dye-affinity cryogel membranes. Following cell homogenization and extraction, MDH was purified using the dye-affinity cryogel membranes at a high yield of 80.

Synthesis of hydroxyethyl-methacrylate-(L)-histidine methyl ester cryogels. Application on the separation of bovine immunoglobulin G.

In this study cryogels based 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) functionalized with N-methacryloyl-L-histidine methyl ester (MAH) were synthesized and used for the adsorption and separation of bovine IgG. Two series of cryogels functionalized with 5 and 10 mg of MAH as pseudobioaffinity ligand were prepared and characterized by swelling test, FTIR and SEM analysis. The adsorption efficiency of the bovine immunoglobulin into cryogels is discussed with respect to the following chromatographic parameters: pH, flow rate, initial IgG concentration, adsorption time and ionic strength.

Enzyme-Initiated Free-Radical Polymerization of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Nanogels on a Solid Phase with an Immobilized Radical Source.

An enzyme-mediated synthetic approach is described for the preparation of molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles (MIP-NPs) in aqueous media. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was used to initiate the polymerization of methacrylate or vinyl monomers and cross-linkers by catalyzing the generation of free radicals. To prevent entrapment of the enzyme in the cross-linked polymer, and to enable it to be reused, HRP was immobilized on a solid support.

[PHEMA/PEI]-Cu(II) based immobilized metal affinity chromatography cryogels: Application on the separation of IgG from human plasma.

The immobilized metal-affinity chromatography (IMAC) has gained significant interest as a widespread separation and purification tool for therapeutic proteins, nucleic acids and other biological molecules. The enormous potential of IMAC for proteins with natural surface exposed-histidine residues and for recombinant proteins with histidine clusters. Cryogels as monolithic materials have recently been proposed as promising chromatographic adsorbents for the separation of biomolecules in downstream processing.

Effects of methanol extracts from roots, leaves, and fruits of the Lebanese strawberry tree (Arbutus andrachne) on cardiac function together with their antioxidant activity.

Context: Several plant-derived natural products have been used in clinical phase for applications in neurological, cardiovascular, and inflammatory diseases. Arbutus andrachne L. (Ericacea) is an evergreen shrub native to the Mediterranean region.

Affinity composite cryogel discs functionalized with Reactive Red 120 and Green HE 4BD dye ligands: application on the separation of human immunoglobulin G subclasses.

Naturally produced by the human immune system, immunoglobulin nowadays is widely used for in vivo and in vitro purposes. The increased needs for pure immunoglobulin have prompted researchers to find new immunoglobulin chromatographic separation processes. Cryogels as chromatographic adsorbents, congregate several mechanical features including good compatibility, large pore structure, flexibility, short diffusion pathway and stability.

Selective adsorption of antiphospholipid and anti-dsDNA autoantibodies on histidine based pseudobioaffinity adsorbent from sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune diseases characterized by the presence of antiphospholipid and anti-dsDNA autoantibodies in the sera of patients. These autoantibodies and their subclasses have received increasing attention by medical community due to their association with recurrent venous thrombosis, fetal loss and thrombocytopenia. In particular, attention has been paid to IgG subclasses in SLE.

Histidine based adsorbents for selective removal of monoclonal immunoglobulin IgM antibodies from Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia patient sera: a preliminary study.

Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (WM) is considered by the Revised European American Lymphoma (REAL) and World Health Organization (WHO) as a clinical lympho plasmacytic syndrome associated with high monoclonal (IgM) secretion. The hyper viscosity syndrome is associated with several clinical disorders of monoclonal IgM. Patients with clinical symptoms of hyper viscosity should be treated with plasma pheresis, which is limited by its non-selective removal of all plasma components.

Phenylalanine containing hydrophobic nanospheres for antibody purification.

In this study, novel hydrophobic nanospheres with an average size of 158 nm utilizing N-methacryloyl-(L)-phenylalanine methyl ester (MAPA) as a hydrophobic monomer were produced by surfactant free emulsion polymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and MAPA conducted in an aqueous dispersion medium. MAPA was synthesized using methacryloyl chloride and L-phenylalanine methyl ester. Specific surface area of the nonporous nanospheres was found to be 1874 m2/g.