Beneficial Effects of Multi-Micronutrient Supplementation with Collagen Peptides on Global Wrinkles, Skin Elasticity and Appearance in Healthy Female Subjects.

Introduction: With ageing, collagen production slows down, leading to wrinkle appearance and loss of elasticity. Replenishing key structural molecules through oral supplementation is a promising strategy that complements the topical delivery of cosmetic products and creates a holistic skincare regimen. The present study assessed the effectiveness of a food supplement with collagen peptides, vitamins and minerals in improving the quality of the skin and general wellbeing of healthy women.

Onset of analgesia by a topically administered flurbiprofen lozenge: a randomised controlled trial using the double stopwatch method.

Background: The double stopwatch (DSW) method for determining the onset of analgesic activity has been implemented extensively by investigators studying orally administered drugs.

Objective: The aim of this randomised, placebo-controlled trial was to use the DSW method to determine the time to onset of analgesia of a single dose of a topically administered non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, flurbiprofen 8.75 mg lozenge.

Qualities of Sore Throat Index (QuaSTI): measuring descriptors of sore throat in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

Aim: Patients with pharyngitis often describe various sensory, affective and evaluative pain qualities. Using an 11-word/phrase index, the Qualities of Sore Throat Index (QuaSTI), we characterized throat symptoms and evaluated changes in a randomized controlled trial (NCT01986361).

Materials & Methods: Patients received a single flurbiprofen 8.

Flurbiprofen 8.75 mg lozenges for treating sore throat symptoms: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

Aim: This study assessed multiple doses of flurbiprofen 8.75 mg lozenges for the relief of three prominent symptoms of acute pharyngitis: pain intensity (primary end point), difficulty swallowing and swollen throat.

Patients & Methods: A total of 204 patients (102 in each group) with confirmed pharyngitis (onset ≤4 days) were randomly assigned to take up to five flurbiprofen or placebo lozenges every 3-6 h, for 7 days.

Efficacy of flurbiprofen 8.75 mg lozenge in patients with a swollen and inflamed sore throat.

Objective: Sore throat is often over-treated with antibiotics, therefore there is a need for non-antibiotic treatments that provide effective relief. From the patient's point of view, symptoms of pharyngeal inflammation such as a "swollen" and "inflamed" throat are often considered the most bothersome; so, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug could be an appropriate treatment. We investigated the efficacy and safety of flurbiprofen 8.

Efficacy of flurbiprofen 8.75 mg spray in patients with sore throat due to an upper respiratory tract infection: A randomised controlled trial.

Background: Viral infections cause most cases of pharyngitis (sore throat); consequently, antibiotics are generally not warranted. However, a treatment targeting pain and inflammation, e.g.

Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies on flurbiprofen 8.75 mg lozenges in patients with/without group A or C streptococcal throat infection, with an assessment of clinicians' prediction of 'strep throat'.

Background: Diagnosing group A streptococcus (Strep A) throat infection by clinical examination is difficult, and misdiagnosis may lead to inappropriate antibiotic use. Most patients with sore throat seek symptom relief rather than antibiotics, therefore, therapies that relieve symptoms should be recommended to patients. We report two clinical trials on the efficacy and safety of flurbiprofen 8.

Utility of the sore throat pain model in a multiple-dose assessment of the acute analgesic flurbiprofen: a randomized controlled study.

Background: The sore throat pain model has been conducted by different clinical investigators to demonstrate the efficacy of acute analgesic drugs in single-dose randomized clinical trials. The model used here was designed to study the multiple-dose safety and efficacy of lozenges containing flurbiprofen at 8.75 mg.

Onset of action of a lozenge containing flurbiprofen 8.75 mg: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with a new method for measuring onset of analgesic activity.

A new onset-of-action model was utilized to distinguish the pharmacologic activity of flurbiprofen 8.75mg delivered in a lozenge from the demulcent effect of the lozenge base. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, patients with sore throat rated pain on a Sore Throat Pain Intensity Scale before taking one flurbiprofen or placebo lozenge and at frequent (2-minute) intervals over the first hour after treatment.

A randomised controlled trial of ibuprofen, paracetamol or a combination tablet of ibuprofen/paracetamol in community-derived people with knee pain.

Objectives: To compare the efficacy and safety of single versus combination non-prescription oral analgesics in community-derived people aged 40 years and older with chronic knee pain.

Methods: A randomised, double-blind, four-arm, parallel-group, active controlled trial investigating short-term (day 10) and long-term (week 13) benefits and side-effects of four regimens, each taken three times a day: ibuprofen (400 mg); paracetamol (1000 mg); one fixed-dose combination tablet (ibuprofen 200 mg/paracetamol 500 mg); two fixed-dose combination tablets (ibuprofen 400 mg/paracetamol 1000 mg).

Results: There were 892 participants (mean age 60.

A randomised, five-parallel-group, placebo-controlled trial comparing the efficacy and tolerability of analgesic combinations including a novel single-tablet combination of ibuprofen/paracetamol for postoperative dental pain.

Combination analgesia is often recommended for the relief of severe pain. This was a double-blind, 5-arm, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, randomised, single-dose study designed to compare the efficacy and tolerability of a novel single-tablet combination of ibuprofen and paracetamol with that of an ibuprofen/codeine combination, and a paracetamol/codeine combination, using the dental impaction pain model. Subjects with at least 3 impacted third molars and experiencing moderate to severe postoperative pain were randomised to receive: 1 or 2 tablets of a single-tablet combination of ibuprofen 200mg/paracetamol 500mg; 2 tablets of ibuprofen 200 mg/codeine 12.

Comparison of the analgesic efficacy of concurrent ibuprofen and paracetamol with ibuprofen or paracetamol alone in the management of moderate to severe acute postoperative dental pain in adolescents and adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, single-dose, two-center, modified factorial study.

Background: Combination analgesics may offer improved analgesic efficacy, particularly for moderate to severe pain.

Objective: This study evaluated the analgesic benefits of concurrent ibuprofen and paracetamol compared with each drug used alone in the management of acute postoperative dental pain.

Methods: Healthy patients aged 16 to 40 years undergoing surgical removal of 3 to 4 impacted molars (total impaction score > or = 9) were enrolled in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, single-dose, 2-center, modified factorial US study.

A single-tablet fixed-dose combination of racemic ibuprofen/paracetamol in the management of moderate to severe postoperative dental pain in adult and adolescent patients: a multicenter, two-stage, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, factorial study.

Background: The combination of ibuprofen and paracetamol may confer analgesic benefits over monotherapy with either agent. In a previous study, an ibuprofen/paracetamol combination provided significantly better analgesic efficacy than comparable doses of ibuprofen or paracetamol alone in patients experiencing moderate to severe acute postoperative pain after extraction of impacted third molars.

Objective: This study compared the efficacy and tolerability of 3 doses of a single-tablet fixed-dose combination (FDC) of ibuprofen and paracetamol (ibuprofen/paracetamol doses of 100 mg/250 mg, 200 mg/500 mg, and 400 mg/1000 mg) with comparable doses of ibuprofen (200 or 400 mg) monotherapy, paracetamol (500 or 1000 mg) monotherapy, and placebo in the 8 hours after surgical removal of 3 to 4 impacted third molars (stage 1) and with placebo over the next 72 hours (stage 2).

The pharmacokinetic profile of a novel fixed-dose combination tablet of ibuprofen and paracetamol.

Background: Ibuprofen and paracetamol differ in their mode of action and related therapeutic effects, suggesting that combined administration may offer improved analgesia. Reported here are the results of two studies on the pharmacokinetic properties of a novel ibuprofen (200 mg) and paracetamol (500 mg) fixed-dose combination tablet.

Methods: Both studies were open-label, randomised studies in healthy volunteers: Study 1 was a four-way crossover, single-dose study; Study 2 was a two-way cross-over, repeat-dose study.

Scintigraphy can be used to compare delivery of sore throat formulations.

Aims: Sore throat (pharyngitis) is commonly treated with over-the-counter lozenges, tablets, sprays and gargles. While the efficacy of the active ingredients has been examined, less is known about the comparative efficacy of the different delivery formats.

Methods: A pilot study was initially performed, followed by an open-label, four-way crossover study in healthy volunteers to quantitatively assess the delivery efficacy of a lozenge, tablet, spray and gargle, using technetium-99m and scintigraphy as a marker of deposition and clearance of the active ingredients.

Oleamide is a selective endogenous agonist of rat and human CB1 cannabinoid receptors.

1. The ability of the endogenous fatty acid amide, cis-oleamide (ODA), to bind to and activate cannabinoid CB(1) and CB(2) receptors was investigated. 2.

Acute cardiovascular effects of sibutramine in conscious rats.

Sibutramine is a serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, used in the treatment of obesity. In this study, cardiovascular effects of sibutramine (0.9, 3, or 9 mg kg(-1) i.

Effects on serotonin in rat hypothalamus of D-fenfluramine, aminorex, phentermine and fluoxetine.

Hypothalamic 5-HT (serotonin) regulates food intake, energy expenditure and bodyweight. Using in vivo microdialysis, we determined the effects of various anorectic drugs on hypothalamic extracellular 5-HT levels during the dark phase when rats predominantly feed. Phentermine and aminorex, which were originally considered to be catecholaminergic drugs, markedly increased 5-HT efflux in rat hypothalamus.

Additive effects on rat brain 5HT release of combining phentermine with dexfenfluramine.

Objective And Design: This study examined the effects of the anti-obesity agents, phentermine and dexfenfluramine given alone or in combination, on in vitro and in vivo 5HT release from rat brain tissue.

Results: In vitro, phentermine was without effect on basal [3H]5HT efflux from hypothalamic slices whereas dexfenfluramine (10 microM) evoked a 131% increase in [3H]5HT release. In combination, the two drugs did not alter [3H]5HT release beyond that caused by dexfenfluramine alone.

Effects of lesioning noradrenergic neurones in the locus coeruleus on conditioned and unconditioned aversive behaviour in the rat.

1. The brain noradrenergic system may have a role in anxiety disorder. This study has examined the effect of bilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the noradrenergic neurones in the locus coeruleus (LC) of male Lister hooded rats on behaviour produced by unconditioned and conditioned aversive stimuli.

Chronic, but not acute, dosing of antipsychotic drugs alters neurotensin binding in rat brain regions.

The present study compared high affinity neurotensin (NT) binding in rat brain following acute or chronic treatment with the classical antipsychotic, haloperidol, and the newer antipsychotic drugs, clozapine and zotepine. Drugs were given orally, as an acute treatment (1 dose) or chronically (21 day dosing) and binding to the NT high affinity receptor was examined in three brain regions; striatum, nucleus accumbens/olfactory tubercle and frontal cortex. Acute dosing with either vehicle, haloperidol, clozapine or zotepine produced no significant changes in NT binding from controls (naïve rats).

A highly sensitive and selective radioimmunoassay for the measurement of neurotensin.

A highly selective and sensitive radioimmunoassay (RIA) for the detection of endogenous neurotensin (NT) has been developed. We have raised a C-terminally-directed antibody (CAb) that specifically binds 'biologically active' NT (NT and NT(8-13)) and that does not significantly cross-react with inactive NT metabolites or other bioactive peptides in the CNS. By reducing the volume of the assay to a low volume-RIA (30 microl), such that in vivo measurements can be made, we have increased the sensitivity (<0.

Comparison of the effects of sibutramine and other weight-modifying drugs on extracellular dopamine in the nucleus accumbens of freely moving rats.

The acute effects of systemic administration of the anti-obesity agent sibutramine on extracellular dopamine (DA) in the nucleus accumbens of freely moving rats were studied using in vivo microdialysis and compared with the actions of phentermine and d-amphetamine at doses 1x and 3x their respective 2 h ED(50) values to reduce food intake in rats. At the lower dose, sibutramine did not elevate extracellular DA concentrations; however, at the higher dose (6.0 mg kg(-1), i.

Strain differences to the effects of aversive frequency ultrasound on behaviour and brain topography of c-fos expression in the rat.

Previous studies have shown that ultrasound at 20 kHz produces an escape (defence) response in the hooded Lister rat. This study compares the ultrasound-induced behavioural response in the hooded Lister and albino Wistar rat. Ultrasound (continuous tone, square wave, 20 kHz) produced an initial characteristic startle response (brisk running) in the hooded Lister rat that was followed immediately after cessation of the ultrasound by a period of freezing behaviour.

Sibutramine: a novel anti-obesity drug. A review of the pharmacological evidence to differentiate it from d-amphetamine and d-fenfluramine.

Sibutramine (BTS 54 524; N-[1-[1-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclobutyl]-3-methylbutyl]-N,N-dimethylamine hydrochloride monohydrate) is a novel 5-HT (serotonin) and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) anti-obesity drug. Sibutramine reduces the food intake of rodents and this effect is partially or completely reversed by pretreating with 5-HT or noradrenaline antagonists, indicating that both neurotransmitters are involved in sibutramine's hypophagic effect. In addition, fluoxetine and nisoxetine, which are selective reuptake inhibitors of 5-HT and noradrenaline, respectively, have no effect on food intake when given alone, but they profoundly inhibit food intake when given in combination (equivalent to the actions of the SNRI, sibutramine), demonstrating a synergistic interaction of those two monoamines in the control of ingestive behaviour.