Bony landmarks of the medial orbital wall: an anatomical study of ethmoidal foramina.

The study determines the distribution patterns of ethmoidal foramina (EF) evaluate how they are affected by gender or bilateral asymmetry, and highlights the surgical implications on the anatomical landmarks of the orbit. Two hundred and forty-nine dry orbits were assessed. The number and pattern of EF were determined and distances between the anterior lacrimal crest (ALC), anterior (AEF) middle (MEF), posterior (PEF) ethmoidal foramina and between PEF and the optic canal (OC) were measured.